Biomass, activity

Wang et al.2 and Najafpour et al.3A worked with immobilised microbial cells of Nitrobacer agilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in gel beads, respectively. They found separately that the cells retained more than 90% of their activity after immobilisation by using specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) [mg 02g 1 (dry biomass) h 11 as the biomass activity indicator. Such differences in immobilised biomass and activity between free and immobilised biomass activities depend strongly on the particular characteristics of the microbial systems and their interaction with the support matrix. 

The specific volumetric rate of hydrogen photoproduction depends on the rate of hydrogen production by one unit of biomass and on the concentration of the biomass in a photobioreactor. The improvement of a biomass activity is the basic problem for strain selection or construction. The specific volumetric rate might be increased technologically by increase of biomass concentration. 

FlieSbach, A., Eyhorn, F., Mader, P., Rentsch, D.I. and Hany, R. 2001. DOK long-term farming systems trial microbial biomass, activity and diversity affect the decomposition of plant residues. In Rees, R.M., Ball, B.C., Campbell, C.D. and Watson, C.A. (eds) Sustainable Management of Soil Organic Matter. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp. 363-369. 

Salcedo et al. (1991), working in an Atlantic coastal forest in Recife, Brazil, showed that phosphoms from the litter/fermentation layer is cycled back to the vegetation via mycor-rhizae-mediated mechanisms. However, 6l% of the added moved down to the mineral soil, where P in the soil solution is controlled by microbial biomass activity. In contrast. Stark and Jordan (1978), working on a P deficient upland terra firme forest in San Carlos de Rio Negro, Venezuela (Cuevas and Medina 1988), found that nearly 100% of the added 32p was retained in the root mat associated with the litter layer, with less than 0.1% moving down to the surface of the mineral soil. 

Figure 9.28. The distribution of nonpolar organic substances between aquatic solids and water (as given by the distribution coefficient Kp) is dependent upon the lipophilicity of the compound and the organic C content of the adsorbing material (foe = weight fraction). The solid phases considered here are coastal sea and lake sediments, river sediments, solids from aquifers and biomass (activated sludge). The octanol/water distribution coefficients are, respectively 500, 2400, 11,200 and 52,000 for chlorobenzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene. (Modified from Schwarzenbach and Westall, 1980).

Milne T.A., Abatzoglou N. Evans R.J. (1998) Biomass Gasifier Tars Their Nature, Formation and Conversion, lEA Biomass Utilization Task XIII, "Thermal Gasification of Biomass" activity report NREL/TP-570-25357, USA, Golden. 

Elevated copper and zinc concentrations in soil adversely affect microbial biomass, activity, and composition of microbial communities in soil adjacent to copper smelters and copper-tailings dumps. 3,4 Nitrogen fixation was adversely impacted when heavy metal-contaminated sewage sludge was added to soils. 5 ... 

Hisiger, S. and Jolicoeur, M. (2005) A multiwavelength fluorescence probe Is one probe capable for on-line monitoring of recombinant protein production and biomass activity J Biotech-nol, 117 (4), 325-336. 

Malamis, S., Katsou, E., Takopoulos, K., Demetriou, P. Loizidou, M. (2012) Assessment of metal removal, biomass activity and RO concentrate treatment in an MBR-RO system. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 209-210, 1-8. 

Devare, M.H., C.M. Jones, and J.E. Thies. 2004. Effect of Cry3Bb transgenic corn and tefluthrin on the soil microbial community biomass, activity, and diversity. J. Environ. Qual. 33 837-843. 

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