Biology and Use in Agriculture

Zoxamide was developed under the trade name Zoxium . It is sold primarily in mixtures with mancozeb under the trade names Gavel , Electis , Electis Pro, Aderio , Stimo , Unikat and Roxam . Application rates are typically within the range 125-150 g-a.i. ha in formulation with mancozeb at 1.2-1.4 kg-a.i. ha . Spray intervals depend on the crop and disease but are usually 7-14 days. In addition to the mixtures with mancozeb, zoxamide is also co-formulated with cymoxanil and sold under the trade name Harpon . 

Zoxamide is highly active towards a broad range of Oomycete fungi and is used commercially on potatoes, vines and vegetables for control of late blight and 

The mechanism of tuber blight control may involve reduced production of motile zoospores caused by inhibition of nuclear division in sporangia as they form on the plant surface [29]. 

Since zoxamide has a different mode of action from other products used in the Oomycete market, there is no likelihood of cross-resistance to existing products such as metalaxyl, dimethomorph, cymoxanil or strobilurins. Consequently, zoxamide provides a unique tool for resistance management in the Oomycete fungicide market. 

The author is grateful to Brian Sheppard, Bob Ehr and Gary Roth for their helpful discussion and critical reading of the manuscript. 

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