Biologically active macromolecules

The study of biologically active macromolecules using photoexcited reagents was introduced into biochemistry by Westheimer and his coworkers in the early 1960 s (1,2) and has since developed into one... 

Figure 1. Schematic depiction of photoaffinity labeling of biologically active macromolecules.

B. F. Erlanger, Photoregulation of biologically active macromolecules, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 45, 267-283 (1979). 

Over the past decade, the unique activity of oligopeptides, known as protein transduction domains (PTDs) or cell penetrating peptides (CPPs), has made it possible to transduce biologically active macromolecules into living cells [2, 3]. It was accomplished by conjugating a PTD to the desired macromolecule. Various kinds of macromolecules have been successfully internalized into living... 

Many magnetic adsorbents have been used for the isolation of various biologically active macromolecules such as enzymes, enzyme inhibitors, DNA, RNA, antibodies, antigens, etc. from different sources such as nutrient media, fermentation broth, tissue extracts, body fluids, and others. However, the present discussion is restricted to enzymes only. 

Hemostats wound dressings cartilage repair soft-tissue augmentation Drug and biologically active macromolecule delivery soft- and hard-tissue augmentation... 

Polyacryl- ariiicle Acrylamide was crosslinked by degradable polypeptide, methacryloyl chloride modified poly[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-I.-glutamidc]. Degradation of crosslinker by papain in PBS buffer. Controlled release of biologically active macromolecules. Trypsin was used as a model protein. Skorda a aL, 993... 

The possibilities of separating biologically-active macromolecules on magnetic supports have been discussed. 

Affinity chromatography is a special type of adsorption chromatography for the isolation and purification of biologically active macromolecules. It was used successfully for the first time in 1968 for the purification of enzymes [168]. Since then, innumerable proteins (e.g., enzymes. 

Cyclic imidocarbonate derivatives of agarose continue to be used extensively for the immobilization of biologically active macromolecules and for affinity chromatography. The reaction of a cyclic imidocarbonate group with a protein presumably occurs by nucleophilic attack of an amino-group on the trans-imidocarbonate ring (1) to give either an isourea, or an iST-substituted imidocarbonate, or an JV-substituted carbonate (see Vol. 7, p. 511). Recent references... 

Cyclic imidocarbonate derivatives of agarose (15) (Vol. 7, p. 511) continue to be used extensively for the immobilization of biologically active macromolecules... 

The activation period - when intercellular interactions occur. These interactions are accompanied by the interchanging of biologically active macromolecules that penetrate into the cells of the reacting system and interact with cytoplasmic elements. Transcription, apparently, does not change during this period. 

A similar postulate has been used by R.Fox [153] in order to prove the possibility of the anti-entropy processes during the formation of the biologically active macromolecules. 

Attempts have long been made to use synthetic polymers as model compounds for biologically active macromolecules. An approach to biopolymers from the field of polymer science can be depicted as follows (1) ... 

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