Bioremediation biological treatment

Mueller JG, SE Lantz, BO Blattmann, PJ Chapman (1991a) Bench-scale evaluation of alternative biological treatment processes for the remediation of pentachlorophenol- and creosote-contaminated materials solid-phase bioremediation. Environ Sci Technol 25 1045-1055. 

In cases where in situ biological treatment cannot be applied, the contaminated soil is excavated and transferred to specially prepared areas where bioremediation can be carried out under well-controlled conditions. Some common ex situ biological methods are the landfarming technique and the biopile or biopit treatment options.32... 

The in situ biological treatment technique for organic contaminants is fully discussed in the Chapter 17. An example of a cost estimate for bioremediation is shown in Table 16.5. The data is based on a U.S. EPA study15 of a project performed by Biocraft Laboratories, Waldwick, New Jersey. 

Other factors affecting performance include the presence of toxic material, the redox potential, salinity of the groundwater, light intensity, hydraulic conductivity of the soil, and osmotic potential. The rate of biological treatment is higher for more permeable soils or aquifers. Bioremediation is not applicable to soils with very low permeability, because it would take a long time for the cleanup process unless many more wells were installed, thus raising the cost. 

Pintail Systems, Inc. s, spent-ore bioremediation technology includes two main treatment processes. The first process involves the biological treatment of cyanide wastes using indigenous bacteria, which are isolated from contaminated sites and cultured in large quantities for full-scale applications. The second process involves metal biomineralization in which biological processes are adapted to immobilize soluble and leachable metals. 

Jerger, D. E., Cady, D. J. Exner, J. H. (1994). Full-scale slurry-phase biological treatment of wood-preserving wastes. In Bioremediation of Chlorinated and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds, ed. R. E. Hinchee, A. Leeson, L. Semprini S. K. Ong, pp. 480-3- Boca Raton, FL Lewis Publishers, CRC Press. 

Woodhull, P. M. Jerger, D. E. (1994). Bioremediation using a commercial scale slurry-phase biological treatment system. Remediation, 4, 353—62. 

Like water, arsenic in contaminated soils, sediments, and even solid wastes may be treated with plants, fungi, bacteria, or other biological organisms. The applications, limitations, and advantages of biological treatment methods with solid materials are often similar to those with water. To be exact, many bioremediation methods are designed to simultaneously treat contaminants in soils, sediments, and water (e.g. phytoremediation). 

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