Biological oligonucleotides

Biological Oligonucleotide sequence in aptamers for specific and sensitive target binding 119... 

Sohail M, Southern EM (2001) In Rampal JB (ed) Methods in molecular biology oligonucleotide arrays - methods and protocols, vol 170. Humana Press, pp 181-199... 

Gene-directed biologically active substances (non-sense oligonucleotides and their derivatives) 97MI17. 

Desoxyadenosine oligonucleotides la 76 Desoxycholic acid la 334 11-Desoxycorticosterone la 221 lb 346 Detection, group-specific la 4,7 -, substance specific la 4,7 Detection of lipqjhilic substances la 43 -, biological-physiologically la4,6,7, 9,109... 

While many diseases have long been known to result from alterations in an individual s DNA, tools for the detection of genetic mutations have only recently become widely available. These techniques rely upon the catalytic efficiency and specificity of enzyme catalysts. For example, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) relies upon the ability of enzymes to serve as catalytic amplifiers to analyze the DNA present in biologic and forensic samples. In the PCR technique, a thermostable DNA polymerase, directed by appropriate oligonucleotide primers, produces thousands of copies of a sample of DNA that was present initially at levels too low for direct detection. 

The second NIST human DNA SRM is a PCR-based DNA Profiling Standard. The PCR was first described by Saiki et al. (1985,1989). Since then it has developed into a highly versatile and widely used detection, identification, manipulation and analysis tool in molecular biology, including DNA profiling. In brief, two short synthetic oligonucleotides, or primers, are used to define an intervening DNA sequence... 

Bourque, A. J. and Cohen, A. S., Quantitative analysis of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides in biological fluids using fast anion-exchange chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 617, 43, 1993. 

Fluorophosphates (phosphorfluoridates), which are important for backbone modified oligonucleotides in molecular biology, are generally synthesized from phosphoric imi-dazolides or triazolides and acylfluorides. In these reactions, for example, the azole group (of the phosphoric or phosphinic imidazolide) is substituted by a fluorine atom, forming an acylazole compound as by-product.[202],[2033... 

The minimal cell, as the simplest system which has all the required properties of life (metabolism, self-reproduction and the ability to evolve), is presently studied as part of a new research discipline synthetic biology. This includes subjects such as synthesis in branches of biological systems, for example, of new RNA species, new peptides and new nucleic acid analogues, as well as the synthesis of peptide nucleic acids. One example is the work of M. R. Ghadiri and G. von Kiedrowski on self-replication of oligonucleotides and oligopeptides (Luisi, 2006b). 

Avecia is a biotechnology company directed to the development and manufacturing of biotechnology based medicines. It is structurally organized in two business units, namely Biologies and DNA Medicines. Its capabilities comprise process development, scale-up, and manufacture of microbial-derived biopharmaceuticals and oligonucleotides. 

Mulkidjanian, A.Y., Cherepanov, D.A. and Galperin, M.Y. (2003). Survival of the fittest before the beginning of life selection of oligonucleotide-like polymers by UV-light. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 3, 1-7 and references therein... 

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