Biological monitoring surveillance

Management must institute procedures to assess levels of compliance with agreed standards for safety. Techniques include environmental and/or biological monitoring, health surveillance, safety audits, safety inspections, and procedures for accident reporting, investigation and analysis. Communication is essential, e.g. by provision of information (on specific chemicals, processes, etc.), safety meetings, notices, safety bulletins etc. 

Jenkins DW. 1980. Biological monitoring of toxic hace metals. Vol 1, Biological monitoring and surveillance. U.S. Envhonmental Protection Agency 600/3-80-091. 

There is a growing need to better characterize the health risk related to occupational and environmental exposure to pesticides. Risk characterization is a basic step in the assessment and management of the health risks related to chemicals (Tordoir and Maroni, 1994). Evaluation of exposure, which may be performed through environmental and biological monitoring, is a fundamental component of risk assessment. Biomarkers are useful tools that may be used in risk assessment to confirm exposure or to quantify it by estimating the internal dose. Besides their use in risk assessment, biomarkers also represent a fundamental tool to improve the effectiveness of medical and epidemiological surveillance. 

Piotrowski, J.K. 1984. Phenol, aniline, and nitrobenzene. Pp. 165-175 in Biological monitoring and surveillance of workers exposed to chemicals, A.Aitio, V. Riihimaki, and H.Vanio, eds. New York Hemisphere. 

The Role of Biological Monitoring in Medical and Environmental Surveillance... 

EXAMPLES OF BIOLOGICAL MONITORING TESTS USED IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE... 

In medical surveillance, biological monitoring is a preventive medical tool that is used to discern the human toxicity of potential toxicants at exposure levels present in the workplace. Evidence of human toxicity can result from individual hypersusceptibility, inadequate exposure limits which might have been derived from animal data, or unsuspected... 

The consultative approach to the design of biological monitoring programs can aid in the determination of the type of surveillance that is appropriate. For instance, environmental data showing a chronic exposure to Pb might lead to... 

Relationship of Biological Monitoring to Other Medical Surveillance Activities... 

Aitio, A.V., Riihimaki and H. Vainio. Biological Monitoring and Surveillance of Workers Exposed to Chemicals, Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, Washington, D.C., 1984. 

McDiarmid, M.A., Engelhardt, S.M., Oliver, M., Gucer, P., Wilson, P.D., Kane, R., Kabat, M., Kaup, B., Anderson, L., Hoover, D., Brown, L., Albertini, R.J., Gudi, R., Jacobson-Kram, D., Thome, C.D., Squibb, K.S. (2006). Biological monitoring and surveillance results of Gulf War I veterans exposed to depleted uranium. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 19 11-21. 

Although it is imperative to provide medical surveillance for those subjected to elevated exposures to radon and its decomposition products such as miners, once a cancer has developed its treatment depends a lot on the extent of the neoplasm and its location. Cytogenetics can be used as a biological monitoring tool for exposed populations. 

Schaller KH, Triebig G, Schiele R, et al. 1991. Biological monitoring and health surveillance of workers exposed to mercury. In Dillon HK, Ho MJ, eds. Biological monitoring of exposure to chemicals Metals. New York, NY John Wiley and Sons, 3-9. 

Hogstedt C, Andersson K, Hane M. 1984. A questionnaire approach to the monitoring of early disturbances in central nervous functions. In Aitio A, Riihimaki V, Vainio H, eds. Biological monitoring and surveillance of workers exposed to chemicals. Washington, DC Hemisphere Publishing Co., 275-287. 

Kashyap SK Health surveillance and biological monitoring of pesticide formulators in India. Toxicol Lett 33 107-114, 1986... 

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