Biological interphases compounds

INTERACTION OF HYDROPHOBIC METAL COMPLEXES AND ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS WITH BIOLOGICAL INTERPHASES... 

There is an abundant research on the interactions of HIOCs and metals with biological interphases, in which organic chemicals and metals are treated independently. However, few studies have considered the role of combinations of HIOCs with metals. There is a particular lack of mechanistic approaches. With regard to the metals, the FIAM has been very successful, but it remains to be shown under which conditions additional interactions, such as partitioning of hydrophobic complexes and uptake of specific complexes, are important for metal uptake and toxic effects. In particular, the role of hydrophobic complexes with both natural and pollutant compounds in natural waters has not yet been fully elucidated, since neither their abundance nor their behaviour at biological interphases are known in detail. 

Harms H, Wick LY. (2004). Mobilization of organic compounds and iron by microorganisms. In Physicochemical Kinetics and Transport at Chemical-Biological Interphases (eds. HP van Leuven, W Koester). Chichester WUey, pp. 401-444. 

In the previous sections of this book, we focused on the nature of contaminants and the geochemical reactions that can occur in the subsurface environment. Chemical compounds introduced into infiltrating water or in contact with soil or rock surfaces are subject to chemically and biologically induced transformations. Other compounds are retained by the soil constituents as sorbed or bound residues. Thus, in terms of geochemical interactions and reactions among dissolved chemical species, interphase transfer occurs in the form of dissolution, precipitation, volatilization, and various forms of physicochemical retention on the solid surfaces. 

Two examples of modern clean-up methods that use columns that have been prepared commercially are the Extube (Analytichem International) and the Sep-Pak (Waters). The Extube was designed to isolate drugs from a complex biological sample by the principle of liquid-liquid extraction. Samples to be analyzed, such as urine, whole blood or bile, are introduced into a disposable Extube, which is packed with an inert fibrous matrix of large surface area. When a suitable solvent is poured into the Extube, it interphases film-on-film with the sample. The compound of interest is extracted by a solvent that passes freely through the matrix, whereas impurities such as water, pigment, particulate matter and other polar components are retained by the matrix. The Extube has been used to extract and purify cortisol from plasma by liquid-liquid partition with methylene chloride [40]. The Sep-Pak... 

It is known that unsaturated groups in heterocyclic compounds increase then-biological activity. For the piupose of direct introduction of allylic and propargyl radicals into the indole ring were studied alkylation reactions by halogenalkyls under condition of interphase catalysis [8]. Alkylation of isomeric indoloindoles 3H,8H-indolo[5,4-e]indole (II), lH,6H-indolo[7,6-g]indole (III) and 3H,8H-indolo[4,5-e]indole (IV) was carried ont in 50% aqneons solution of NaOH nsing stechiometric quantity of alkylhalogenides, with ration of catalyst-tetrabutyl-ammonium and substrate 1 5 [8]. 

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