Foreign bodies biological

Five clinical cases have been presented in WongJM, Marsh D, Abu-Silla G, Lau S, A lann hi, Nawabi D, Patel FI 2006 Biological foreign body implantation in victims of the London July 7lh suicide bombings. Journal of Trauma 60 402-404. 

Tissue and cell in vitro systems can usually be more completely defined and offer the most direct and controlled experimental procedures that can be employed for detecting and defining early reaction to foreign bodies and following the biological sequellae. The experiments can indicate the relative hazards and provide insight to mechanisms of action. We summarize a few of these studies to illustrate and highlight some of the results. 

The Raman microprobe has been used to detect foreign bodies in various tissues (38). Figure 3-9 shows spectra of lymph node tissue of 5 pm size, which was obtained by biopsy from a patient. The foreign body was identified as a particle of silicon rubber (dimethyl siloxane). For more biological and medical applications, see Section 6.2.4. 

It has been suggested that a nonspecific foreign body reaction is the unifying principle in the mechanism of intrauterine foreign body action. In primates, the mechanism of action remains unknown a number of subsequent biological changes which have been described are secondary... 

The packaging of the pressure transducer is also a problem that needs to be addressed, especially when the transducer is in contact with blood for long periods of time. Not only must the package be biocompatible, but it also must allow the appropriate pressure to be transmitted from the biological fluid to the diaphragm. Thus, a material that is mechanically stable under corrosive and aqueous environments in the body is needed. Chronically implanted objects are usually coated with a fibrous capsule by the body as a part of the foreign body response, and this capsule can exert a force on the pressure sensor that will affect its baseline pressure. Thus, it is important to package pressure sensors with materials that will minimize this encapsulation. 

Cytochrome P450 is one of nature s oxidative workhorses, and it is involved in a wide variety of biological reactions, one of the most important being the detoxification of foreign bodies within the liver. A wide variety of approaches was developed to design and construct synthetic model systems of the cytochrome P450 family.They vary from the earlier mentioned "capped" and "picnic basket" porphyrins, over supramolecular cytochrome P450 models, to dendritic porphyrins. ... 

CPCs are nontoxic to cells, biocompatible, and osteoconductive. Furthermore, CPCs are biologically active such that they remodel and incorporate in host bone, and thus do not induce a foreign-body response.These biomaterials set at a physiological pH with minimal reaction exotherm, and do not release toxic monomers or solvents.There are two primary classes of CPCs (a)... 

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