Biological/biologic factors

Precise kinetic electroanalytical data permit to describe quantitatively the kinetics of the whole process with a precision that has never been achieved before by patch-clamp techniques or spectroscopic near-field methods. This enables to investigate finely these events and to identify the exact physicochemical nature of all the individual physicochemical and biological factors which concur to produce vesicular release. 

It is the determination of volatile organic compounds produced from natural products that requires separation techniques that allow isolation of stereoisomers. The most commonly determined groups are the terpene and sesquiterpene species present in essential oils, which are used as key indicators of biological factors such as the growth season, geographic location, climate, etc. These species are also released directly into the atmosphere by very many plants and trees, and make a substantial contribution to global biogeochemical cycles. 

The condition of any soil represents a stage in the changing process of soil evolution. Soils develop, mature and change with the passage of time. Whereas the time required for a true soil to develop from the parent rock of the earth may be thousands of years, rapid changes can result in a few years when soils are cultivated, irrigated, or otherwise subjected to man s manipulation. The type of soil that develops from the parent material will depend upon the various physical, chemical and biological factors of the environment. 

Biological factors Microorganisms, fungi, bacteria, animals, insects can destroy materials or change their properties... 

G. Neumann, E. George, and V. Romheld, White lupin—a model plant to study mechanisms involved in root-induced mobilization of sparingly available P-sources, International Workshop on Role of Environmental and Biological Factors of To.xic and Essential Elements by Plants. Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture, Skierniewice, Poland, 1998, p. 27. 

C. Holmstrom and S. Kjelleberg, The effect of external biological factors on settlement of marine invertebrate and new antifouling technology. Biofouling, 1994, 8, 147. 

Non-biologic factors that affect drug response... 

We have thus far focused on the biological factors that affect drug responses but recovery from illness often takes place in the context of interactions among individuals. In these interactions, both patient and clinician bring their own knowledge, predispositions, values, priorities, modes of thinking, and belief systems into play. Within this transaction, issues such as patient compliance, expectation effect ... 

Biological factors that may influence pharmacological response and side effects include pharmacokinetics such as protein binding, distribution, metabolism, or... 

Sociocultural, illness, and biological factors affect individual attitudes towards psychotropic medications. Health beliefs or explanatory models, particularly causal attributions regarding the illness and the treatment options afforded within such models, exert a profound influence on patients attitudes and behavior regarding medications (Smith, Lin Mendoza, 1993). Such effects can be subtle and can occur during the course of treatment even if there has been initial successful negotiation about the nature of the illness and treatment. In psychiatric illness little research has been leveled at the personal meaning that patients bring to treatment practices such as electro-convulsive therapy (ECT), oral medications, and depot injections, or to the transition between different administrative routes and types of medications. 

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