Biolization

Sarnatskaya VV, Yushko LA, Korneeva LN et al (2005) Biolization of activated carbons by human serum albumin conformers. Efferent Theraphy 11(3) 10-20... 

Essentially all the TAH devices have used the PEUU materials (53. 54). but some other materials such as biolized poly(l,4-hexadiene) show promise (31). In the past, polysilicones, natural rubber, plasticized poly(vlnyl chloride), and other polymers were tried but were generally considered too thrombogenic or too weak. Better materials most likely will be developed in the future because much research work is in progress in the general area of cardiovascular materials. The lack of patient mobility probably poses the greatest difficulty for the present TAH devices. No doubt portable pumps will be developed, and perhaps implantable, and electrically powered devices (using rechargeable batteries) will be developed. Polymers will most likely be used in these developments as well. 

Values given for the clots are for the apical 3 in. of the rod, equivalent to about 12 cm2 of surface area. Key SIS, siloxane on Silastic BIM, Biomer SIN, Silastic (1979) VC, vapor-deposited carbon GW SIO, Silastic (1977-78) ACI, acrylamide gel ETC, etho-cellulose SSS, siloxane on stainless steel BIL, Biolized latex ION, lonomer TEF, Teflon STS, stainless steel CAR, vapor-deposited carbon GA LAT> Latex HEX, Hexsyn PLPy polypropylene and GW, Gulf and Western (7). 

This concept is similar to our "Biolization" philosophy, which was proved in the cardiac prostheses. Transient leukopenia in hemodialysis was reviewed from a material blood compatibility point of view. 

Since 1970 biolized materials have been utilized in our cardiac prostheses. Long term survival of TAH (total artificial heart) and LVAD (left ventricular assist device) implanted in animals has shown successful application of these materials without the use of anticoagulants (29). 

Surface Biolization by Grafting Pofymerizable Bioactive Chemicals... 

Figure 2. Surface biolization by plasma-pretreated polymerization method.

Bacterial exotoxins, poly(methacrylic acid) hydrogels as carriers, 288-295 Bioactive chemicals, polymerizable, use for surface biolization, 66-74 Bioadhesion, definition, 45 Biocompatibility bioadhesive siufaces,45-48 definition, 37 groups, 37,38/... 

HYPOTHETICAL PROCESS TO GENERATE BIOCOMPATIBLE MATERIAL -"BIOLIZATION"... 

It is obvious that protein or biological components alone on a surface will not always enhance its thromboresistance, however when this protein is treated by aldehyde, heat, or some other methods, which are generally applied for sterilization or antiseptic procedures, it becomes quite thromboresistant. This treatment probably makes the protein insoluble, cross-linked, or denatured. What kind of process is actually taking the main role is not completely understood at that time so it was difficult to select an appropriate term to describe it. Thus, the term "biolization" was made to describe... 

Biolized materials have been used in our cardiac prostheses since 1969. The first application utilized glutaraldehyde treated bovine aortic valves in a Dacron fabric pump termed a "partially biolized heart". Since thick pseudoneointima (PNI) formation and calcification was observed, the Dacron covered surface was replaced with natural tissue material (9). This original totally biolized heart was a sac-type with a flexing element of natural rubber lined on the blood side with aldehyde treated bovine pericardium. The outside case of the device was made from polyurethane. Early in 1973, a calf implanted with this artificial heart lived for a then-remarkable seventeen days (10). Termination of the experiment was caused by a crack in the flexing sac. A passive implant of this device in the aorta did not show any thrombus formation during 5.5 years implantation. 

The surface property of these materials can be divided into three general categories 1) smooth, nonpermeable, 2) porous or rough, and 3) biolized. Among the various factors to be considered for candidate materials, the two most important are mechanical durability and blood compatibility, particularly antithrombogenicity This paper will present an historical review of plastic materials used for the fabrication of blood pumps, with the emphasis on antithrombogenicity not only in relation to the material itself, but also with respect to its design and fabrication. 

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