Biokinetic behavior

Smolen VF. 1971. Quantitative determination of drug bioavailability and biokinetic behavior from pharmacological data for ophthalmic and oral administration of a mydriatic drug . J. Pharm. Sci. 60 354. 

Since a risk assessment for a particular chemical is related to the exposure scenario, toxicity data generated in in vitro systems need to be translated to a dose or a dosage regime for an intact organism. This process, referred to as QIVTVE , includes an interpretation of the chemical s biokinetic behavior. This enables the conversion of an in vitro-derived concentration-effect relationship to a dose-response relationship in vivo. The processes involved in this reverse dosimetry are described in Chap. 24. The development of physiologically based biokinetic (PBBK) models [19] is crucial in this process [13, 20]. 

Within the phylum Annelida, polychaetes have shown a variation in their biokinetic behavior of Te not unlike that observed for molluscs and arthropods. Three species of polychaetes exposed to TcO.J in seawater for a period of 40 d exhibited concentration factors ranging between 10 for Arenicola marina and 1100 for Perinereis ciiltri-fera. Nereis diversicolor showed intermediate values of 100 and Nereis sp. concentration factors of more than 500 [89, 92]. 

The foundations for the model (ICRP69 1995) that describes the biokinetic behavior of ingested uranium in the human body are based on several studies, some... 

On the other hand, in vivo studies have increased the awareness of anthocyanin tissue distribution, have given an insight about anthocyanin biokinetic behavior, and allowed to relate anthocyanin consumption with several beneficial health effects. Even so, these types of studies have some limitations given that, generally, there is not a mechanistic approach about the movement of anthocyanins through the cells or the pathways responsible for the biological effects observed. 

TABLE 8.10 Illustrative Studies Biokinetic Behavior of Pb Interactions with Other Tissues in Bone and... 

Biokinetic Behavior of Pb in Bone and its Interactions with Other Tissues... 

Carvalho FP, Fowler SW. 1985. Biokinetics of plutonium, americium and californium in the marine isopod Cirolcma borealis, with observations on its feeding and molting behavior. Mar Biol 89 173-181. 

For more senior readers, the dynamic model should be used not only to simulate the dynamic behavior of this heterogeneous distributed system but also to investigate the possible spatio-temporal chaos associated with it. Important note As for the previous exercise, it is stated everywhere that all biokinetics and permeation parameters as well as other parameters are to be obtained from the literature. However, whenever the reader has the experimental facilities to determine any of these parameters, he/she is encouraged to obtain these values. This will be useful and add to the educational benefits of this mathematical modeling and computer simulation exercise. 

---