Biogenic amines amine occurrence

Macfarlane, R. G., Midgley, J. M., and Watson, D. G., Biogenic amines their occurrence, biosynthesis of metabolism in the locust, Schistocerca gregaria, by gas chromatography-negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry, J. Chromalogr., 562, 585-598, 1991. 

The abundance of diverse oximes as naturally occurring products is attributed, in general, to complicated metabolic processes that include enzyme-induced oxidation of either amino acids or biogenic amines, as well as to the relatively low reactivity of oximes compared to HA. The co-occurrence of HA and a variety of carbonyl-containing molecules in plants and animals may also contribute to the formation of the oxime bond in nature. 

Additional occurrences as follows Biogenic amines are found in other Vespidae and Apidae 343,347,349,353,354,356,386). Indoleacetic acid occurs in other Dytiscidae (99). 

Several authors reviewed occurrence and HPLC determination of biogenic amines in different foods [257,264,271,274,281,303,319,320],... 

Ribeiro, P. and Webb, R.A. (1983) The occurrence and synthesis of octopamine and other biogenic amines in the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 7, 53-62. 

Moreno-Arribas, M. V. and Polo, M. C. (2008). Occurrence of lactic acid bacteria and biogenic amines in biologically aged wines. Food Microbiol. 25, 875-881. 

TABLE 6.9 Occurrence of some biogenic amines in botrytized wines, in comparison with nonbotrytized wines... 

Occurrence and concentration of biogenic amines in Mesocestoides corti (Cestoda). Journal of Parasitology, 60 737—43. 

Leitao, M.C., Teixeira, H.C., Barreto Crespo, M.T. San Romao, M.V. (2000). Biogenic amines occurrence in wine. Amino acid decarboxylase and proteolytic activities expression by Oeno-coccus oeni. J. Agric. Food Chem., 487, 2780-2784. 

Occurrence Since most A. are nerve poisons they cannot form in larger amounts in the animal world, except in skin glands where they are excreted for specific purposes as neurotoxins (e.g. the amphibian venoms samandarine and other salamander alkaloids, tetrod-otoxin, batrachotoxins, bufotenine and other toad poisons, glomerine, serotonine, histamine, tyra-mine and other biogenic amines). Most A. occur in plants as by-products of amino acid metabolism where they are mostly stored in peripheral parts of the plant (leaves, roots, barks, fruits) and much less frequently in the wood. A. occur only rarely as free bases in plants and are mostly found as salts with oxalic, acetic, lactic, and citric acids, etc. Some higher plant families are... 

Byun, B. Y., Mah, J. H. (2012). Occurrence of biogenic amines in Miso, Japanese traditional fermented soybean paste. Journal of Food Science, 77, 216-223. http //dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/j.l750-3841.2012.02983.x. 

Primary fermentation with yeasts as well as malolactic fermentation, which is standard for most red wine production and for some white varieties such as chardonnay, have been associated with the occurrence of biogenic amines such as tyramine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, and phenylethylamine in wine. Histamine can produce headaches and hypotension, whereas some aromatic amines such as tyramine and phenylethylamine can cause migraines and hypertension. The concentration and content of biogenic amines in wines are variable and depend on the storage time and conditions, quality of raw materials, and possible microbial contamination during the wine-making process [336]. 

Dent, C. E., A Study of the behaviour of some sixty amino-acids and other ninhydrin-reacting substances on phenol collidine filterpaper chromatograms, with notes as to the occurrence of some of them in biological fluids, Biochem. J. 43, 169 (1948). Werle, E., in Flaschentrager, B. and Lehnartz, E., Biogene Amine, Physiologische Chemie II (2b), 1957, p. 142. 

De Mey, E., K. De Klerck, H. De Maere et al. 2014. The occurrence of N-nitrosamines, residual nitrite and biogenic amines in commercial dry fermented sausages and evaluation of their occasional relation. Meat Sci. 96(2 Part A) 821-828. 

Standarova, E., Borkovcova, I., and Vorlova, L. 2008. The occurrence of biogenic amines in dairy products on the Czech market. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum, Med. Vet. 7 35-42. 

The occurrence and significance of some biogenic amines are listed in Table XII. The biogenic amines derived from aromatic amino acids are of both pharmacologic and physiological interest. They will be discussed in Chapt. XX, because of their close relationship to hormones. 

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