Biogas digestion

Clean Energy Resource Teams, http //www.cleanenergyresourceteams.org/ technology/biogas-digesters... 

Demirel, B., Scherer, P. (2011). Trace element requirements of agricultural biogas digesters during biological conversion of renewable biomass to methane review. Biomass Bioenergy, 35, 992-998. 

Moller, H. B., Nielsen, A. M., Nakakubo, R., Olsen, H. J. (2007). Process performance of biogas digesters incorporating pre-separated manure. Livestock Science, II2, 217—223. 

Figure 7.15 Feeding scenarios of the anaerobic digestion plant blackwater mixed with various cosubstrates (greasy water, lawn silage, lawn juice) and the resulting outputs (biogas digestate composed from water, organics, ash). ...

Dayal M, et al. Solar assisted biogas digesters I thermal analysis. Int J Energy Res 1985 9(4) 455-62. 

Chen Z, Qin C. Experiment of biogas digester with spiral heating system and the simulation with fluent model. China Biogas 2009 27(3) 36-9. 

The economics of biogas production in a rural area of a developing nation, like Kenya or India, illustrates that costs and benefits are complex and results mixed. The capital costs of constructing a simple biogas digester with a capacity to process 81 (wet) of manure per 20-day retention time, or 400 kg/day, are estimated to be between 2000 and 2500 (Table VI). Such a unit would have usable life of 30 years, so the capital costs are only 80 per year. 

A.J. Ward, E. Bruni, M.K. Lykkegaard, A. FeUberg, A.P.S. Adamsen, A.P. Jensen, A.K. Poulsen, Real time monitoring of a biogas digester with gas chromatography, near-infrared spectroscopy, and membrane-inlet mass spectrometry, Bioresour. Technol. 102 (5) (2011) 4098-4103. 

Dererie, D.Y., Trobro, S., Moment, M.H., Hansson, H., Blomqvist, J., Passoth, V, Schniirer, A., Sandgren, M., StShlberg, J., 2011. Improved bio-energy yields via sequential ethanol fermentation and biogas digestion of steam exploded oat straw. Bioresource Technology 102,4449-4455. 

Kumar, A., Mandal, B., Sharma, A., 2015. Advancement in Biogas Digester. Springer, India. 

Maintaining a strictly anaerobic environment has not been easy even in modern mass-produced biogas digesters see Smil, V. 1993. China s Environmental Crisis. Armonk, N.Y. M. E. Sharpe, pp. 104-105. 

---