Biodiesel fabrication

In direct glycerol fuel cells, the fuel and the oxidant used are glycerol (from biodiesel fabrication, for example) and oxygen from the air, respectively. In such fuel cells, the complete reaction taking place at the anode and cathode are represented by the equations ... 

Until the middle of last century, glycerol was mostly obtained as a co-product of soap fabrication. Afterwards, glycerol was also produced firom propene synthesis (route represented in Fig. 4.3) and more recently, when many countries started to produce biodiesel in large scales to partially substitute the traditional diesel of... 

The increasing energy demands have directed the attention to renewable resources for the fabrication of biofuels. The exploitation of feedstocks containing polysaccharides other than cellulose is of interest for biofuel production. The aspects of the production of biofuels, including biodiesel, bioethanol, methane, and hydrogen are subject of a detailed monograph (1)... 

The method has shown to deliver good results for the fingerprinting of biodiesel fuel [34] and perfumes [33], for the analysis of fabric softeners and surfactants [35], coupling to membrane inlet systems (MIMS-DeSSI) [4], and to analyze components separated on TLC plates [36]. However, the method appears to exhibit low inter-system compatibility in some laboratories high voltages were needed to obtain a signal. 

Groisman, Y., and Gedanken, A. (2008] Continuous flow, circulating microwave system and its application in nanoparticle fabrication and biodiesel S5mthesis,y. Phys. Chem. C, 112(24], 8802-8808. 

In summary, with respect to benefits and drawbacks of DMC as an alternative reagent for carrying out interesterification of oil and fats to produce biofuel from renewable resources and alternative co-products (GC and glycerol dicarbonate (GDC)), it should be mentioned that DMC is a less toxic chemical than methanol that can be currently manufactured by environmentally safe industrial methods, from CO2 and renewable resources. Besides, GC and its derivatives are characterized by low toxicity, and the remaining nonreacted DMC does not need to be separated from the reaction products, because it is an effective additive for diesel engines, due to its high oxygen content (Bounce et al., 2010). Here we have that the fabrication process is very simplified with respect to the conventional biodiesel obtained from methanol. 

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