Biodegradation monitoring

NPEO-SO4 is one of the rare anionic surfactant compounds on which aerobic biodegradation monitoring has been performed, where metabolites could be observed by API-MS. Using FIA-MS, however, differentiation of precursor compounds and metabolites was impossible. Both compounds showed the same molar masses but could be recognised because of their quite different RTs in RP-LC [15]. MS CID performed by trap confirmed a fragmentation behaviour of the metabolite quite different from precursor NPEO-SO4 compounds, whose structure is not yet clear. 

Creaser, C.S., Gomez Lamarca, D., Freitas dos Santos, L.M., LoBiundo, G., New, A.R (2003) On-line Biodegradation Monitoring of Nitrogen-containing Compounds by Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 78 1193-1200. 

Rovellini, R, N. Cortesi, E. Fideli, LAS surfactant biodegradation monitoring of metabolie intermediates by LC-MS (in Italian), Riv. Ital. Sostanze Grasse, 1995, 72, 381-389. 

Intrinsic bioremediation is becoming an acceptable option in locations where the contaminated groundwater poses Htde threat to environmental health. Nevertheless, although intrinsic bioremediation is appealingly simple, it may not be the lowest cost option if there are extensive monitoring and documentation costs involved for several years. In such cases it may well be more cost effective to optimize conditions for biodegradation. 

To put these data in perspective, it is important to point out that they merely imply an exhaustive biodegradation of secondary alkanesulfonates and do not represent monitoring results. 

Seller HR (2002) Analysis of benzylsuccinates in groundwater by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and its use for monitoring in situ BTEX biodegradation. Environ Sci Technol 36 2724-2728. 

Thierrin J, GB Davis, C Barber (1995) A ground-water tracer test with deuterated compounds for monitoring in situ biodegradation and retardation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Ground Water 33 469-475. 

Aggarwal PK, ME Fuller, MM Gurgas, JF Manning, MA Dillon (1997) Use of stable oxygen and carbon isotope analyses for monitoring the pathways and rates of intrinsic and enhanced in situ biodegradation. 

U.S. EPA defines MNA as the reliance on natural processes, within the context of a carefully controlled and monitored site cleanup approach, to achieve site-specific remediation objectives within a time frame that is reasonable compared to that offered by other more active methods. The natural processes include biodegradation, dispersion, dilution, sorption, volatilization, stabilization, and transformation. These processes reduce site risk by transforming contaminants to less toxic forms, reducing contaminant concentrations, and reducing contaminant mobility and bioavailability. Other terms for natural attenuation in the literature include intrinsic remediation, intrinsic bio-remediation, passive bioremediation natural recovery, and natural assimilation. 30... 

Monitoring Center and the USEPA, namely, DMP, DBP, and DOP was investigated by Wang et al. [43]. The experimental results indicated that the biodegradation rate and the biodegradability of the three phthalates under anaerobic conditions appeared to be related to the length of the alkyl-side chains. More than 90%... 

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