Bioconjugates proteins

The techniques developed to study protein interactions can be divided into a number of major categories (Table 31.1), including bioconjugation, protein interaction mapping, affinity capture, two-hybrid techniques, protein probing, and instrumental analysis (i.e., NMR, crystallography, mass spectrometry, and surface plasmon resonance). Many of these methods are dependent on the use of an initial bioconjugation step to discern key information on protein interaction partners. 

AslamM, Dent AH (1998) Bioconjugation. Protein coupling techniques for the biomedical sciences. Macmillan Reference Ltd., London Hermanson GT (1996) Bioconjugate techniques. Academic Press, San Diego... 

Aslam, M. and Dent, A. (1998) Bioconjugation. Protein Coupling Techniques for the Biomedical Sciences. Grove s Dictionaries Inc., New York, NY. 

Hoen P.A. C., Prince P., Van der Bilt E., Valentijn A. R., Meeuwenoord N.J., Princen H., Bijsterbosch M.K., van der Marel G.A., van Boom J.H., van BerkelT.J.C. Design of a targeted peptide nucleic acid prodrug to inhibit hepatic human microsomal triglyceride transfer protein expression in hepato-cytes. Bioconjug. Chem. 2002 13 295-302. 

The aqueous Diels-Alder reaction has also been used for bioconjugate studies. A Diels-Alder reaction of diene oligonucleotides with maleimide dieneophiles was used to prepare oligonucleotide conjugates in aqueous media under mild conditions (Eq. 12.39).102 A Diels-Alder-type cycloaddition of an electronically matched pair of saccharide-linked conjugated dienes and a dienophile-equipped protein was the... 

Oswald B, Patsenker L, Duschl J, Szmacinski H, Wolfbeis OS, Terpetschnig E (1999) Synthesis, spectral properties, and detection limits of reactive squaraine dyes, a new class of diode laser compatible fluorescent protein labels. Bioconjugate Chem 10 925-931... 

Hering, V. R., Gibson, G., Schumacher, R. I., Faljoni-Alario, A. and Politi, M. J. (2007). Energy transfer between CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots and fluorescent proteins. Bioconjug. Chem. 18, 1705-8. 

Metz B, Kersten GFA, Baart GJ, et al. Identification of formaldehyde-induced modifications in proteins reactions with insulin. Bioconjug. Chem. 2006 17 815-822. 

Trakselis MA, Alley SC, Ishmael FT. Identification and mapping of protein-protein interactions by a combination of cross-linking, cleavage, and proteomics. Bioconjug. Chem. 2005 16 741-750. 

Standley SM, Kwon TJ, Murthy N et al (2004) Acid-degradable particles for protein-based vaccines Enhanced survival rate for tumor-challenged mice using ovalbumin model. Bioconjug Chem 15 1281-1288... 

Foster S, Duvall CL, Crownover EF et al (2010) Intracellular delivery of a protein antigen with an endosomal-releasing polymer enhances CD8 T-cell production and prophylactic vaccine efficacy. Bioconjug Chem 21 2205-2212... 

It is obvious that the oxidation of protein molecules can have detrimental effects on protein structure and function. However, there are some unique methods in bioconjugation wherein controlled and purposeful oxidation is done to study protein-protein interactions (Chapter 28, Section 4). 

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