Biocompatibility chemical compatibility

The choice of a particular inactive ingredient and its concentration is based not only on physical and chemical compatibility, but also on biocompatibility with the sensitive and delicate ocular tissues. Because of the latter requirement, the use of inactive ingredients is greatly restricted in ophthalmic dosage forms. 

The design of biocompatible (blood compatible) potentiometric ion sensors was described in this chapter. Sensing membranes fabricated by crosslinked poly(dimethylsiloxane) (silicone rubber) and sol-gel-derived materials are excellent for potentiometric ion sensors. Their sensor membrane properties are comparable to conventional plasticized-PVC membranes, and their thrombogenic properties are superior to the PVC-based membranes. Specifically, membranes modified chemically by neutral carriers and anion excluders are very promising, because the toxicity is alleviated drastically. The sensor properties are still excellent in spite of the chemical bonding of neutral carriers on membranes. 

The long quest for blood-compatible materials to some extent overshadows the vast number of other applications of polymers in medicine. Development and testing of biocompatible materials have in fact been pursued by a significant number of chemical engineers in collaboration with physicians, with incremental but no revolutionary results to date. Progress is certainly evident, however the Jarvik-7 artificial heart is largely built from polymers [34]. Much attention has been focused on new classes of materials, such... 

No single consumable electrode is ideal for all iontophoretic applications. Different materials meet different capacity needs, and because consumable electrodes consist of chemically reactive species, certain materials may be compatible with certain drugs or excipients but not all of them. The most popular electrodes are based on the silver/silver chloride redox couple. Silver and silver chloride have several advantageous characteristics They are biocompatible, perform well, and have an established history of use in medical applications including sensing electrodes. 

Biocompatibility Acceptance of an artificial implant by the siurounding tissues and as a whole. The implant should be compatible with tissues in terms of mechanical, chemical, surface, and pharmacological properties. 

Biocompatibility ability of a biomaterial to perform its desired function without eliciting any imdesirable local or systemic effects in the host tissues the material should be mechanical, chemical, pharmacological and surface compatible with surroimding tissues and host. 

Customized sensors to detect proteins, chemicals, and even circulating tumor cells are also highly demanded. It is difficult to develop sensors at the micro scale with high accuracy, high biocompatibility, and high compatibility with a soft lithography process. Biosensors are potential solutions for this problem [20]. However, both sensitivity and throughput rate of bio-sensors need to be improved. 

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