Bioavailability certain minerals

Effect of Certain Minerals on the Bioavailability of Calcium in Adult Males... 

SPENCER AND KRAMER Effect of Certain Minerals on Ca Bioavailability... 

A typical plot of the change in DOC concentration and biodegradable fraction as a function of the specific ozone dose shows a continuous increase in the biodegradable fraction until a certain maximum is reached. Further ozonation decreases the biodegradable fraction (Figure 6-2). This is an optimization problem the compounds must be made bioavailable, but mineralization in the chemical stage must be minimized. 

Safe water Water that does not contain harmful bacteria, toxic materials, chemicals, or substances, and is considered safe for drinking even if it may have taste, odor, color, and certain mineral problems Safety Practical certainty and very high probability that injury will not occur from the exposure to a hazard the reverse function of the sum total of toxicity and bioavailability. Safety may be expressed as safety = 1 (toxicity x bioavailability)... 

However, tamarind seeds have low levels of phytic acid comparable that of lima bean (Egbe and Akinyele, 1990, cited in 4)). Phytic acid decreases bioavailability of certain minerals and may interfere with the ntihzation of proteins dne to the formation of phytate-protein and phytate-mineial-protein complexes and also inhibits the digestive enzymes (Reddy et al, 1982, cited in 4)). The phytate conld, however, be snbstantially eliminated by processing methods snch as soaking and antoclaving (Reddy et al, 1982, cited in 4)). 

At low and medium doses, it is well established that the nutritional value of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats as macronutrients are not significantly impaired by irradiation, and neither the mineral bioavailability is impacted. Like all other energy depositing process, the application of ionizing radiation treatment can reduce the levels of certain sensitive vitamins. Nutrient loss can be minimized by irradiating food in a cold or frozen state and under reduced levels of oxygen. Thiamin and ascorbic acid are the most radiation sensitive, water-soluble vitamins, whereas the most sensitive, fat-soluble vitamin is vitamin E. In chilled pork cuts at the 3 kGy maximum at 0-10°C, one may expect about 35 0% loss of thiamin in frozen, uncooked pork meat irradiated at a 7 kGy maximum at —20°C approx., 35 % loss of it can be expected [122]. 

State, types of functional groups), redox potential, pH, nutrient and carbon availability, contaminant bioavailability and concentration, electron acceptors, temperature, salinity, and microbial consortia and biomass (D Angelo, 2002). Reaction rates can vary over several orders of magnitude depending on these environmental factors. Studies have documented the effects of several of these factors on rates of mineralization of contaminants in wetland substrates. Redox potential, a measure of the electron availability and an indirect measure of the oxygen status, has been used to show certain compounds degrade favorably under aerobic conditions (e.g., naphthalene), others under anaerobic conditions (e.g., DDT), and still others under moderately anaerobic conditions (e.g., polychlorobi-phenyls [PCBs]). 

---