Bioactive flavonoids

Flavonoids are a complex group of polyphenolic compounds with a basic C6-C3-C6 structure that can be divided in different groups flavonols, flavones, flavanols (or flavan-3-ols), flavanones, anthocyanidins, and isoflavones. More than 6,000 flavonoids are known the most widespread are flavonols, such as quercetin flavones, such as lu-teolin and flavanols (flavan-3-ols), such as catechin. Anthocyanidins are also bioactive flavonoids they are water-soluble vegetable pigments found especially in berries and other red-blue fruits and vegetables. 

Chokchaisiri R, Suaisom C, Sriphota S, Chindaduang A, Chuprajob T, Suksamram A. (2009) Bioactive flavonoids of the flowers of Butea monosperma. Chem Pharm Bull 57 428 32. 

Long, C. et ah. Bioactive flavonoids of Tanacetum parthenium revisited. Phytochemistry, 64, 567, 2003. 

Macias, F.A. et al.. Bioactive flavonoids from Helianthus annuus cultivars, Phytochemistry, 45, 683, 1997. 

Chang, L.C. et al., Absolute configuration of novel bioactive flavonoids from Tephrosia purpurea, Org. Lett., 2, 515, 2000. 

Yue, M.-E. and Shi, Y.-R, Application of l-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids in separation of bioactive flavonoids by capillary zone electrophoresis, /. Sep. Set., 29, 272-276,2006. 

Vanamala J, Reddivari L, Yoo KS, Pike LM and Patil BS, Variation in the content of bioactive flavonoids in different brands of orange and grapefruit juices. J Food Comp Anal 19 157-166 (2006). 

Lu, Y.-h. Liu, Z.-y. Wang, Z.-t Wei, D.-z., Quality evaluation of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco through simultaneous determination of four bioactive flavonoids by high-performance liquid chromatography, J. Pharm. Biomed.. Anal, 2006, 41,1186-1190. 

Yong J, Sacalis JN, Still CC. Bioactive flavonoids from endophyte-infected blue grass (Poa ampla). J Agric Food Chem 46 3785-3788, 1998. 

By using the hepatocyte primary culture DNA repair test [247] with liver cells of adult ACI rats, an essay that is capable to discern true carcinogens from solely mutagenic compounds such as quercetin and other bioactive flavonoids, Japanese workers [248] were able to show that ptaquiloside is a genotoxic carcinogen. The key evidence was that ptaquiloside induced DNA repair in the exposed liver cells, which could be interpreted as an intrusion into the DNA molecule that caused enough distortions to trigger the reconstruction mechanism. 

Natural bioactive flavonoid quercetin (Qc) (2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one) is poorly dissolved in water (<0.1%), slightly better in ethanol (r- 0.2%), and much... 

Chaillou LL, Nazareno MA (2009) Bioactivity of propolis from Santiago del Estero, Argentina, related to their chemical composition. LWT - Food Sci Technol 42 1422-1427 Cho YS, Schiller NL, Oh KH (2008) Antibacterial effects of green tea polyphenols on clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Curr Microbiol 57 542-546 Chokchaisiri R, Suaisom C, Siiphota S et al (2009) Bioactive flavonoids of the flowers of Butea monosperma. Chem Pharm Bull 57 428-432... 

Yeniai C, Prasanphen K, Daodee S et al (2004) Bioactive flavonoids from Kaempferia parviftora. Fitoterapia 75 89-92... 

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