Techniques, binary search

Use the binary-search technique to find a zero of a function. 

All the ring transform packages in LHASA employ binary search techniques. This means that all structural questions are to be answered with a yes or a no. Preparation of the sequence of questions relating to straightforward chemical situations poses no real problems. It is the identification and resolution of the extraordinary cases that are difficult. For example, in a Robinson disconnection for the sequence below, the geminal dimethyl substitution is a formidable problem. 

This relationship is used in an application to a simple binary system to balance the trade-offs between inefficiency (fuel costs) and capital investment. The Second Law optimization yields results identical to those obtained from a traditional direct-search technique. 

This paper has provided a framework for further application of Second Law based design methodology to separation systems. It has done so by providing a relationship that gives the available-energy destruction for a binary separation as a function of the process variables for the case in which the entropy production is primarily due to mass transfer effects. The Second Law methodology has been described and applied to a simple binary separation system. The method yields results identical to those obtained from a traditional direct search technique, and accurately indicates the respective trade-offs between fuel costs and capital investment. 

The SECM capacity for rapid screening of an array of catalyst spots makes it a valuable tool for studies of electrocatalysts. This technique was used to screen the arrays of bimetallic or trimetallic catalyst spots with different compositions on a GC support in search of inexpensive and efficient electrocatalytic materials for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) [126]. Each spot contained some binary or ternary combination of Pd, Au, Ag, and Co deposited on a glassy carbon substrate. The electrocatalytic activity of these materials for the ORR in acidic media (0.5 M H2S04) was examined using SECM in a rapidimaging mode. The SECM tip was scanned in the x—y plane over the substrate surface while electrogenerating 02 from H20 at constant current. By scanning... 

From a theoretical standpoint, the traditional approach for the determination of an alloy structure implies, in principle, a search through any possible configuration until the most energetically favorable is found. While current first-principles methods, coupled with a substantial increase in computational power, have made this approach a standard practice for the calculation of phase diagrams of (mostly binary) bulk alloys, the complexity of surfaces makes quantum approximate methods a necessary tool to supplement the existing techniques and the growing body of experimental data. 

The development of the experimental technique for investigating crystal structure by x-rays led first to the study of the simplest inorganic substances, i.e. the binary salts, and to the elucidation of their space lattices. The abundant data thus obtained were naturally an inducement to a search for conformity to rules. 

There are many opportunities to be explored in the area of binary, ternary and quaternary anode catalyst formulations for methanol oxidation. Most of the studies to date, with the exception of the work by Gurau et al. on PtRuIrOs [122], explored a rather limited number of catalyst compositions, typically less than five. In order to search and discover the optimum formulation and composition, fast and efficient electrocatalyst screening techniques are required that are able to provide electrochemieal performance evaluations under conditions directly applicable to... 

Abstract. While an optimal Maximum Likelihood (ML) detection using an exhaustive search method is prohibitively complex, we show that binary Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) based Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) detection algorithm gives near-optimal Bit Error Rate (BER) performance with reduced computational complexity. The simulation results suggest that the reported unconventional detector gives an acceptable performance complexity trade-off in comparison with conventional ML and non-linear Vertical Bell labs Layered Space Time (VBLAST) detectors. The proposed technique results in 7-dB enhanced BER performance with acceptable increase in computational complexity in comparison with VBLAST. The reported algorithm reduces the computer time requirement by as much as 94% over exhaustive search method with a reasonable BER performance. 

---