Pyrene, binary probes

Visualization of mRNA in cellular extracts Binary probes Two Pyrene. One at the 5 -end of one ON probe and the second at the 3 -end of the second ON probe Excimer detection Time-resolved microscopy 35... 

An important factor for in vivo studies is the auto fluorescent cellular background. To overcome this problem, pyrene-labeled binary probes have been used to take advantage of the long fluorescence lifetime (>40ns) of the pyrene excimer, compared with that of the cellular extracts (7 ns), that allows selective detection of the excimer using time-resolved spectroscopy (35). 

Marti AA, Li X, Jockusch S, Li Z, Raveendra B, Kalachikov S, Russo JJ., Morozova I, Puthanveettil SV, Ju J, Turro NJ. Pyrene binary probes for unambiguous detection of mRNA using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Nucleic Acids Res. 2006 34 3161-3168. 

As was mentioned earlier, we have used a pyrene dopant as a probe for triplet excltons. Since we will require an analysis of ternary P2VN-TCNB-Py mixtures (see below) it is necessary to consider the binary mixtures P2VN-Py and P2VN-TCNB first. 

In the microemulsion systems the primary alcohols are frequently considered as cosurfactants, which are usually weakly amphiphilic molecules that help the amphiphilic surfactants to reduce the surface tension of the interface between the immiscible components of the system. In this way they usually enhance and emphasize the internal structure of the system at the colloidal level. Remarkably, the short-chain alcohols, which are sufficiently soluble in water, themselves show surfactant-like behavior in plain binary water mixtures. As was shown by Kahlweit et al. [87], this specific behavior can be observed from the break in the curves of surface tension versus molar fraction of alcohol in water. Similar breaks were observed by Zana et al. [7] in the curves of fluorescence intensity versus molar fraction of alcohol, where changes in the environment polarity are sensed by the pyrene fluorescence probe. Interestingly, with increasing the length of the... 

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