Of immiscible components

Fig. IV-21. Surface pressure versus area for monolayers of immiscible components a monolayer of pure cadmium arachidate (curve 1) and monolayers of mixed merocyanine dye, MC2, and cadmium arachidate of molar ratio r = 1 10 (curve 2) 1 5 (curve 3), 1 2 (curve 4), and pure MC2 (curve 5). The subphase is 2.5 x 0 M CdC, pH = 5.5 at 20°C. Curve 3a (O) was calculated from curves 1 and 5 using Eq. IV-44. (From Ref. [116].)...

Oil and water are essentially not misdble and coexist as a water phase and an oil phase, with each phase saturated with a trace of immiscible components. A surface active agent (emulsifier or surfactant) is soluble in one or in both phases, but it forms a true molecular solution only at a very low concentration. A mixture of oil, water, and emulsifier can form a milky (coarse) or transparent (fine) dispersion. The resultant dispersion is an oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion when a water-soluble surfactant such as the anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or non-ionic polyethoxylated nonylphenol with an average of 40 ethylene oxide units per molecule (NP40) is used. When the surfactant concentration is above its critical micellar concentration (CMC), these emulsifier molecules aggregate with one another to form micelles. 

Blends of immiscible components which undergo phase separation [4]. Blends usually have... 

At concentrations of immiscible components approaching a ratio of 1 1, melts of the cooled and solidified blend materials have morphology like a droplet in a matrix or layers in a matrix depending on the type of components, ratio of their viscosities, and level of interphase interaction. The layered (ribbonlike) distribution is most typical (1). 

Basic problems associated with the equilibrium and interfacial behavior of polymers, compatibilization of immiscible components, phase structure development, and the methods of its investigation are described herein. Special attention is paid to mechanical properties of heterogeneous blends and their prediction. Commercially important types of polymer blends as well as the recycling of commingled plastic waste are briefly discussed. 

In the system of Immiscible components (right) the diagram Indicates that for any composition of the ternary system only pure component A can precipitate. If both the components are miscible (on the left) then they form... 

Reactive blending is a very effective technology for compatibilization of polymer blends composed of immiscible components. Interchain copolymer formation by reactive compounding is particularly useful for compatibilization of immiscible polymer blends so that a product may be obtained with combinations of desirable properties arising from both polymers. Compatibilization in this sense refers to operational compatibility as defined by Gaylord [22] in which the blend exhibits useful technological properties over the lifetime of a molded part. 

Polymer blends usually consist of immiscible components and if miscible in the melt the polymers crystallize in mutually separate crystalline phases. The presence of a second phase can provide nudeation sites regardless of whether it is liquid or solid. Heterogeneous nuclei may... 

As illustrated by these different examples, the linear viscoelastic behaviour of blends made up of immiscible components is not simple at all. The emulsion model gives good predictions only in absence of complications such as particle-particle interactions, or partial miscibility, which are not taken into account in the model. 

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