Beyond time trap

One of the early successes of ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) spectroscopy was its application to obtaining accurate proton affinity information by measuring equilibrium constants for reaction 14 (48,49). The equilibrium constant K can be determined both from the steady state ratio of BHVaH, which becomes constant beyond some trapping time (the ratio of the neutrals A/B is known from the partial pressures and remains constant), and by measuring the forward... 

The Thennal Glass Transition Beyond the Time Trap... 

Note Here, we are going beyond the domain of the classical mass spectro-metric time scale (Chap. 2.7). In ion trapping devices, ions are stored for milliseconds to seconds, i.e., 10 -10 times longer than their lifetimes in beam instruments. 

Homopolymer was formed by both methods of grafting however, the amount was considerably greater with the immersion method. When the time of grafting in solution was increased beyond 30 minutes, the extent of grafting continued to increase, but there was a tendency for the homopolymer to crosslink and become embedded in the foam. When this occurred, beads of crosslinked homopolymer were trapped in the cells of the foam, and they could not be removed by subsequent washing. 

The lieutenant fell to the ground and Garudin could only fall with him. Powerless, suddenly filled with a morbid dread beyond the fact of his own mortality the idea that his mind might live on, trapped in a corpse, while the cells of his prison decayed around him. The idea that he, Vladimir Garudin, might take more time to die than any man deserved. 

After the age of 35 in women, fecundity decreases sharply. Delaying childbearing until the age of 35 or beyond is therefore one of the major reasons why in the last decade attention has been drawn to the decline in fertility in older women (Gl, S8, S26, V2). The number of couples seeking help for infertility problems after their 30s and even 40s is increasing (P6). People of advancing age are destined to end up in a sort of age trap of declining fecundity and therefore the need for more time to conceive on the one hand and, on the other hand, less time available to conceive because of declining fecundity. The older the people are who need infertility treatment, the more they will feel the pressure to conceive within a short period of time (P7) the demand for assisted reproduction techniques, such as intrauterine insemination (IUI) after ovarian hyperstimulation or in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer, will therefore increase. 

The membranes were then removed firom these multicomponent solutions after time intervals spaced two minutes apart. Of course, the sol-gel reaction continues within the membranes beyond this point, but the diffusion-controlled exchange of reactants and solvent across the membrane/solution interface ceases. Hence, we refer to the time the membrane resides in solution after TEOS has been added, as "immersion time" rather than as reaction time. Upon removal firom solutions, the films were surface-blotted dry, then dried under vacuiun for 24 hours and subsequently heated at 13O C in the same vacuum for 2 hours to remove trapped volatiles as well as promote further silicon oxide network condensation. The entire procedure up to the last step was carried out at 25°C. 

---