Beta links

L. A. Ellis, C. S. McVay, M. A. Probert, J. Zhang, D. R. Bundle, and J. A. Appleton, Terminal beta-linked tyvelose creates unique epitopes in Trichinella spiralis glycan antigens, Glycobiology, 7 (1997) 383-390. 

Twelve different coordinate sets from the single-crystal literature were used to make the maps of the alpha-1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-linked polymers in the present work. Another 12 geometries were used for the beta-linked molecules. The minimally allowed atomic radii were ... 

Collman, J.P, F.C. Anson, C.E. Barnes, C.S. Bencosme, T. Geiger, E.R. Evitt, R.R Kreh, K. Meier, and R.B. Pettman (1983). Further-studies of the dimeric beta-linked face-to-face 4 porphyrin—FTF4. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 105, 2694-2699. 

L. San Miguel, W. W. Porter and A. J. Matzger, Planar beta-linked oligothiophenes based on thieno[3,2-i>]thiophene and dithieno[3,2-f> 2 3 -rf]thiophene fused units, Org. Lett., 9, 1005-1008 (2007). 

I. Tvaroska, F.R. Taravel, One-bond carbon-proton coupling constants—angular-dependence in beta-linked oKgosaccharides, J. Biomol. NMR 2 (1992) 421-430. 

J. Srivatsan, D.F. Smith, R.D. Cummings, Schistosoma mansoni synthesizes novel bianten-nary Asn-linked oligosaceharides containing terminal beta-linked N-acetylgalactosamine, Glycobiology, 1992, 2, 445-452. 

P-SO consists of heHcal chain molecules (26) of unknown length (21). a-SO is also a polymer similar to beta-SO, but probably in a layered cross-linked stmcture (20,21). Melting points, or more precisely triple points, of 32.5°C and 62.2°C have been given to the P- and a-polymers respectively... 

Figure 4.1 Alpha/beta domains are found in many proteins. They occur in different classes, two of which are shown here (a) a closed barrel exemplified by schematic and topological diagrams of the enzyme trlosephosphate isomerase and (b) an open twisted sheet with helices on both sides, as in the coenzymebinding domain of some dehydrogenases. Both classes are built up from p-a-p motifs that are linked such that the p strands are parallel. Rectangles represent a helices, and arrows represent p strands in the topological diagrams, [(a) Adapted from J. Richardson, (b) Adapted from B. Furugren.j...

It has by now been reasonably well established that an ethanolamine function appropriately linked to an aromatic ring is a prerequisite for beta adrenergic activity and/or antagonism. Examples have been met above where those two moieties are attached directly as well as examples where the funetions are separated by an oxymethylene fragment. It has reeently been found that beta blocking activity is retained even when a earbonyl is inserted between the extra oxymethylene... 

Elastomeric composition for dynamic application of cross-linked E-plastomers has been made with filer-reinforced systems which contain a metal salt (typically zinc) of an alpha, beta unsaturated acid. These additives improve the tensile and tear strength of the elastomer and are cured with a peroxide cure system. These cross-linked articles are suitable for dynamic loading applications such as belting, including power transmission and flat belting. 

Yang D, Chertov O, Bykovskaia SN, et al. Beta-defensins linking innate and adaptive immunity through dendritic and T cell CCR6. Science 1999 286(5439) 525-528. 

Bonniaud P, Margetts PJ, Ask K, Flanders K, Gauldie J, Kolb M. TGF-beta and Smad3 signaling link inflammation to chronic fibrogenesis. J Immunol 2005 175(8) 5390-5395. 

Rasmussen LK, Sorensen ES, Petersen TE, Gliemann J, Jensen PH. Identification of glutamine and lysine residues in Alzheimer amyloid beta A4 peptide responsible for transglutaminase-catalysed homopolymerization and cross-linking to alpha 2M receptor. FEBS Lett 1994 338 161-166. 

Khandogin J, Brooks CL III (2007) Linking folding with aggregation in Alzheimer s beta amyloid peptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104 16880-16885. 

A total of 13 polymorphisms in the gene and its transcriptional regulator beta-upstream peptide (BUP) have been identified [73]. Three closely linked polymorphisms, two coding block SNPs at amino acid positions 16 and 27, and a SNP in the BUP were found to be common (i.e., allele frequency >0.15) in the general Caucasian population [74, 75]. 

Polymorphisms of the beta adrenergic receptors have also been studied in patients with heart failure and cardiomyopathy, or other complex and rather ill-defined phenotypes. In patients with heart failure due to ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, the Thrl64Ile polymorphism in the />2-adrerioreceplor was significantly associated with survival rate at one year [62]. Similarly, the Ser49Gly polymorphism of the /Vadrenoreceptor gene has been linked to the improved survival of patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy [63]. However, sample size was limited in those studies and results need to be confirmed in adequately powered studies. 

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