Beryllium production rates

Beryllium Sulfate. BeiyUium sulfate tetiahydiate [7787-56-6], BeSO TH O, is produced commeicially in a highly purified state by fiactional crystallization from a berylhum sulfate solution obtained by the reaction of berylhum hydroxide and sulfuric acid. The salt is used primarily for the production of berylhum oxide powder for ceramics. Berylhum sulfate chhydrate [14215-00-0], is obtained by heating the tetrahydrate at 92°C. Anhydrous berylhum sulfate [13510-49-1] results on heating the chbydrate in air to 400°C. Decomposition to BeO starts at about 650°C, the rate is accelerated by heating up to 1450°C. At 750°C the vapor pressure of SO over BeSO is 48.7 kPa (365 mm Hg). 

Fire Hazards - Flash Point Not pertinent. This is a combustible solid Flammable Limits in Air (%) Not pertinent Fire Extinguishing Agents Graphite, sand, or any other inert dry powder Fire Extinguishing Agents Not To Be Used Water Special Hazards of Combustion Products Combustion results in beryllium oxide fumes whieh are toxic to inhalation Behavior in Fire Powder may form explosive mixture in air Ignition Temperature (deg. F) Not pertinent Electrical Hazard Not pertinent Burning Rate Not pertinent. 

This process, originally designated as RSR (rapid solidification rate), was developed by Pratt and Whitney Aircraft Group and first operated in the late 1975 for the production of rapidly solidified nickel-base superalloy powders.[185][186] The major objective of the process is to achieve extremely high cooling rates in the atomized droplets via convective cooling in helium gas jets (dynamic helium quenching effects). Over the past decade, this technique has also been applied to the production of specialty aluminum alloy, steel, copper alloy, beryllium alloy, molybdenum, titanium alloy and sili-cide powders. The reactive metals (molybdenum and titanium) and... 

C.C. O Neal, P.D. Boyer, Assessment of the rate of bound substrate interconversion and of ATP acceleration of product release during catalysis by mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase. J. Biol. Chem. 259, 5761-5767 (1984) R. Kagawa, M.G. Montgomery, K. Braig, A.G.W. Leshe, J.E. Walker, The structure of bovine Fi-ATPase inhibited by ADP and beryllium fluoride. EMBO J. 23, 2734-2744 (2004)... 

Most of the elements of the periodic system occur in waters, including the elements of rate earths. However, these concentrations are very low and do not cause any hygienic or technological problems. Recently, attention has been paid to the remarkable toxicity of beryllium. The compounds of beryllium are used in the production of rocket fuels, fluorescent lamps and they occur in wastewaters from beryllium processing works. 

Potassium promoted iron FTS catalyst showed a low deactivation rate of 0.083% per day after passing an initial conditioning period of 300 hours. Higher temperature generated a shorter conditioning period. Beryllium promoted iron catalyst produced an even more stable activity than potassium. A deactivation rate as low as 0.0062% per day was obtained from beryllium promoted catalyst. For potassium promoted catalyst, FTS activity, CO2 selectivity, hydrocarbon productivity and water gas shift activity showed the same conditioning period of 300 hours of time on stream after passing a peak value at about 120 hours of reaction time. Methane selectivity, however, showed a monotonous decrease from an initial maxima to a stable level of 1.6%. 

---