Beryllium phosphate

Synonyms/compounds Glucinium beryllium oxide beryllium chloride beryllium fluoride beryllium hydroxide beryllium phosphate beryllium nitrate beryllium sulfate beryllium carbonate... 

Beryllium phosphate see Beryllium and beryllium compounds) Beryllium silicate see Beryllium and beryllium compounds)... 

SYNS BERYLLIUM PHOSPHATE PHOSPHORIC ACID, BERYLLIUM SALT (1 1) PHOSPHOROUS ACID, BERYLLIUM SALT... 

Ammonium Beryllium Phosphate.— Rossler (1878 9) has shown that a crystalline precipitate, similar to ammonium magnesium phosphate can be produced by adding an excess of ammonium phosphate to a beryllium salt, adding hydrochloric acid and just neutralizing with ammonia, but states that this precipitate varies in composition. M. Austin (1899 8) has also worked with this precipitate in an attempt to obtain an analytical method for beryllium, but agrees that the results are inaccurate. 

Ammonium Sodium Beryllium Phosphate, Be(Na)2(NH4)2-(FO )a.—Prepared according to Scheffer (1859 3) by precipitating beryllium nitrate with sodium phosphate in thfe presence of ammonium chloride. 

Shows that the precipitation of beryllium as ammonium beryllium phosphate and ignition to the pyrophosphate does not give uniform results. 

Some beryllium phosphates also crystallise with partly covalent structures analogous to those of known polymorphic varieties of silica. Thus, the orthophosphates MBeP04 (M = K, Rb, Cs) have tridymite-type networks of alternating Be04 and PO4 tetrahedra, with the alkali metal cations situated in the cavities formed in the structure (long-chain beryllium polyphosphates also form silicalike structures (Section 5.4)). 

Properties Beryllium metal Beryllium chloride Beryllium fluoride Beryllium oxide Beryllium hydroxide Beryllium phosphate Beryllium nitrate Beryllium sulfate Beryllium carbonate... 

Intravenously administered particles of beryllium phosphate (50 (iM/kg) were endocytosed by rat Kupffer cells within 15 min of administration but they were never foxmd in the endothelial or parenchymal cells of the Uver (Dinsdale 1982). Endocytosed particles were rapidly degraded within vesicles which were identified as secondary lysoso-... 

In the environment of tissues, beryllium probably exists as colloidal beryllium phosphate/beryllium hydroxide complexes and is accumulated by macrophage-like cells (Skilleter 1984). Cells in culture also seem to accumulate beryllium by endocytosis of its insoluble form. Beryllium is toxic... 

Discussion. Some of the details of this method have already been given in Section 11.11(C), This procedure separates aluminium from beryllium, the alkaline earths, magnesium, and phosphate. For the gravimetric determination a 2 per cent or 5 per cent solution of oxine in 2M acetic add may be used 1 mL of the latter solution is suffident to predpitate 3 mg of aluminium. For practice in this determination, use about 0.40 g, accurately weighed, of aluminium ammonium sulphate. Dissolve it in 100 mL of water, heat to 70-80 °C, add the appropriate volume of the oxine reagent, and (if a precipitate has not already formed) slowly introduce 2M ammonium acetate solution until a precipitate just appears, heat to boiling, and then add 25 mL of 2M ammonium acetate solution dropwise and with constant stirring (to ensure complete predpitation). 

Beryllium is sometimes precipitated together with aluminium hydroxide, which it resembles in many respects. Separation from aluminium (and also from iron) may be effected by means of oxine. An acetic (ethanoic) acid solution containing ammonium acetate is used the aluminium and iron are precipitated as oxinates, and the beryllium in the filtrate is then precipitated with ammonia solution. Phosphate must be absent in the initial precipitation of beryllium and aluminium hydroxides. 

Bigay, J., Deterre, P., Pfister, C., Chabre, M. (1987). Fluoride complexes of aluminium or beryllium act on G-proteins as reversibly bound analogues of the y-phosphate of GTP. EMBO J. 6, 2907-2912. 

Combeau, C. Carlier, M.-F. (1989). Characterization of the aluminium and beryllium fluoride species bound to F-actin and microtubules at the site of the y-phosphate of the nucleotide. J. Biol. Chem. 264,19017-19022. 

Minerals often contain more than one cation or anion. For example, apatite, Caj ( 04)3 F, contains both phosphate and fluoride anions. Beryl, Bc3 AI2 Sig Oig, contains beryllium and aluminum cations as well as the Sig Oig polyatomic anion. An even more complicated example is gamierite, (Ni,Mg)e Si4 0io(OH)2,... 

Chemical precipitation is used in porcelain enameling to precipitate dissolved metals and phosphates. Chemical precipitation can be utilized to permit removal of metal ions such as iron, lead, tin, copper, zinc, cadmium, aluminum, mercury, manganese, cobalt, antimony, arsenic, beryllium, molybdenum, and trivalent chromium. Removal efficiency can approach 100% for the reduction of heavy metal ions. Porcelain enameling plants commonly use lime, caustic, and carbonate for chemical precipitation and pH adjustment. Coagulants used in the industry include alum, ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, and polymers.10-12... 

A corresponding reaction of acetate ion with AJP is also catalyzed by a bivalent metal ion. The reaction probably results in the formation of an acyl phosphate, which has not been identified as such but has been identified by trapping of the product with hydroxylamine. The best catalyst is beryllium ion, which catalyzes optimally at molar ratios of 1 to 1 or less. Acetate ion is presumably the reactive species, since the pH optimum of the reaction is 5. It is concluded from the pH effects in this study and in the transphosphorylation reaction that a complex of the metal ion and nucleophile must occur. Since acetate ion is a monodentate ligand, the mechanism postulated for the phosphorylation reaction above cannot be completely applicable to this case (36). 

The metal ion specificity for the reaction with acetate was different from that in the reaction with phosphate in the former beryllium was most active, followed by nickel. The alkaline earths that were so effective with phosphate did not catalyze the reaction with acetate at all. The difference in metal specificity in the two reactions was explained by assuming that complexation with the orthophosphate and acetate constitutes an important function in the reaction. 

NMR has been used to study ligand exchange in non-coordinating solvents for a series of Be(C104)2-4L (L = trimethyl phosphate, DMSO, DMA, DMF, NMA, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea, dimethyl methylphosphonate and dimethyl phenylphosphonate) complexes. 3H NMR studies show that the mode of activation for exchange on beryllium varies from dissociative to associative depending upon L and the nature of the non-coordinating solvent.127 128... 

A beryllium concentrate is produced from the leach solution by the counter-current solvent extraction process (10). Kerosene [8008-20-6] containing di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate [298-07-7] is the water-immiscible beryllium extractant. The slow extraction of beryllium at room temperature is accelerated by warming. The raffinate from the solvent extraction contains most of the aluminum and all of the magnesium contained in the leach solution. 

Fig. 4. Computer-generated crystal structure models nop row. left to right) Cuprite, zinc-blende, rutile, perovskite. iridymite (second row) Cristobalite. potassium dihydrogen phosphate, diamond, pyrites, arsenic (third rowt Cesium chloride, sodium chloride, wurtzite. copper, niccolite (fourth row) Spinel, graphite, beryllium, carbon dioxide, alpha i uanz. [AT T Bel Laboratories ...

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