Berliner Blau

BerL Ber., abbrev. (Berliner Berichte) Berickte der deutscken chemiachen Gesellscka/t. Berliner-blau, n. Berlin blue, Prussian blue, -blaus ure, /. hydrocyanic acid, -braun, n. Prussian brown, -griin, n. Prussian green, -rot, n. Berlin red (a red lake color), -saure,/. prussic acid, -weiss, n. a kind of white lead. Bernstein, m. amber. — schwarzer —, jet. Bernstein-, amber succinic, succinyl, succino-. -alaun, m. aluminous amber, -aldehyd, n. succinaldehyde. bemateinartig, a. amber-like. 

Fehkocyanide of Iron.—Syn, Prussian Blub . Blm de Prusse, French Berliner blau, German,—. This celebrated pigment was accidentally discovered by Diesbaoh, a color-maker at Berlin, in 1710, from which it became generally known as Prussian or Berlin blue. The first description of tlie mode of preparing it wae given by Woodward in the Philosophical Trams action s for 1724. It is a compound of iron and cyanogen, and, therefore, its true composition was unknown till the latter body was discovered by Gay-Lussac In 1815. 

Dulcin, 4-ethoxyphenylurea, p-phenetolcarbamide, and p-phenethylurea (Fig. 1) is a synthetic sweetener. Its chemical formula is C9H12N202, and it has a molecular weight of 180.20. Berlin-blau first discovered it in 1884. Dulcin is 70-350 times sweeter than sucrose. However, it should not be used as a food additive, since it has been reported to cause cancer in laboratory animals (1,8,58). 

Das Nitrat-Ion ist (v.a. in saurer Losung) ein relativ starkes Oxidationsmittel sein Standard-reduktionspotenzial ist ausreichend positiv, um Eisen zu Fe -Ionen zu oxidieren. Dabei wird das Nitrat zu NO reduziert, das als Ligand fur das Fe -Ion fungieren kann und mit diesem einen so genannten Nitrosyl-Komplex bildet ([Fe(N0)(H20)s] ). Die Fe -Ionen lassen sich z.B. auch durch Bildung von Berliner Blau mit Fe(CN)6" nachweisen. 

Diese Reaktion ist sehr spezifisch und weist das Fe -Ion nach, denn folgende Komplex-bildung (Bildung von Berliner Blau) findet statt ... 

Bachmann, W. E., 1, 2 Baer, Donald R., 11 Banh, Luca, 65 Baudoux, J6r6me, 69 Baxter, Ellen W., 59 Beauchemin, Andr6, 58 Behr, Lyell C., 6 Behrman, E. J., 35 Beigmann, Ernst D., 10 Berliner, Erast, 5 Biellmann, Jean-Fran ois, 27 Birch, Arthur J., 24 Blatchly, J. M., 19 Blau, A. H., 1 Blicke, F. R, 1 Block, Eric, 30 Bloom, Steven R, 39 Bloomfield, Jordan J., 15, 23 Bonafoux, Dominique, 56... 

Blau N, Duran M, Blaskovics ME, Gibson KM (2003) Physicians Guide to the Laboratory Diagnosis of Metabolic Diseases. Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp 1-716... 

Rembold H (1983) Pteridine catabolism. In Curtius HC, Pfleidere W, Wachter H (eds) Biochemical and Clinical Aspects of Pteridines. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, pp 107-122 Blau N, de Klerk JBC, Thony B, Heizmann CW, Kierat L, Smeitink JAM, Duran M (1996) Tetrahydrobiopterin loading test in xanthine dehydrogenase and molybdenum cofactor deficiencies. Biochem Mol Med 58 199-203... 

Coward, J. K. McGuire, J.J. Galivan, J. in Chemistry and Biology of Pteridines 1989. Pteridines and Folic Acid Derivatives. Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Pteridines and Folic Acid Derivatives. Chemical, Biological and Clinical Aspects, Zurich, Switzerland, Sept 3-8, 1989 Curtius, H.-C. Ghisla, S. Blau, N Eds. dc Gruyter Berlin, 1990 pp 1198 1202. 

Gutman P, Ehlich P. Uber die Wirkung der Methylen blau. Berlin Klinische Wochenschr 1891 39 903-55. 

W. J. Blau, in Electronic Properties of Polymers, Springer Series in Solid-State Science, Vol. 107 (H. Kuzmany, M. Mehring, and S. Roth, eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1992, p. 183. 

Blau N, Blaskovics ME, Duran M. Simple tests in urine and blood. In Blau N, Blaskovics ME, Duran M, Gibson KM, eds. Physician s guide to the laboratory diagnosis of metabolic diseases, 2nd ed. Berlin Springer, 2003 3-10. 

The authors thank Drs. Nenad Blau and Aurora Martinez for valuable discussions. This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Silke Leimkiihler and Markus Fischer) the Cluster of Excellence Unifying Concepts in Catalysis coordinated by the Technische Universitat Berlin (Silke Leimkiihler) and the Swiss National Science Foundation (Beat Thony). 

Knerr I, V J, Gibson KM. Disorders of leucine, isoleucine and valine metabolism. In Blau N, editor. Physician s guide to the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of inherited metabolic diseases. Berlin Springer 2014. p. 103-41. 

K. Blau, in Clinical Biochemistry, Principles, Methods, Applications. Vol. 1. Mass Spectrometry Applications in Clinical Medicine, A. M. Lawson (Editor), Walter de Gruyter, Berlin (1989), p. 129. 

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