Berlin Blockade

One of the first Cold War actions that involved the Chemical Corps was the Berlin Blockade in 1949. Cold weather caused frost to build up on the airplanes flying to Berlin with supplies. The accepted method of ice removal was to use brooms to sweep the ice off. This slow and dangerous work was replaced by the corps s using decontamination trucks to spray isopropyl alcohol, which was used as a deicer since glycerin was not readily available. A large plane could be deiced in about 5 minutes, and the corps was credited with keeping the airplanes from being delayed by frost.119... 

On the other hand, the Berlin Blockade and the aggressive Soviet stance toward West Berlin and Germany had made it clear that West Berlin would only be able to survive if the city sector maintained the closest possible ties to the Federal... 

Laviolette, S.R., van der Kooy, D. The motivational valence of nicotine in the rat ventral tegmental area is switched from rewarding to aversive following blockade of the alpha7-subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Psychopharmacology (Berlin). 166 306, 2003. 

Xi Z.X., Gilbert J., Campos A.C. et al. Blockade of mesolimbic dopamine D3 receptors inhibits stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking in rats. Psycho pharmacology (Berlin). 176 57, 2004. 

Weinberger DR. (1995). Differential cholinergic regulation in Alzheimer s patients compared to controls following chronic blockade with scopolamine a SPECT study. Psychopharmacology (Berlin). 121(2) 231-41. 

Yun, J., Whiting, D., Fischbein, M., Banerji, A., Irie, Y., Stein, D., Fishbein, M., Proudfoot, A., Laks, H., Berliner, J., and Ardehali, A. (2004). Combined blockade of the chemokine receptors CCRl and CCR5 attenuates chronic rejection. Circulation 109, 932 937. 

By-product ammonia contained 426,000 t N, and Chilean nitrates provided about 510,000 t N see Schmidt, A. 1934. Hie industrielle Chemie. Berlin Verlag Walter de Gruyter c Co., p. 330. The British naval blockade made it impossible to sell Chilean nitrates to Germany, the biggest European buyer, but the demand of the Allied powers for the explosives kept the industry going. Chilean exports peaked at almost 3 Mt/year between 1916 and 1918. 

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