Berlin Academy

Bunsen had announced this discovery to the Berlin Academy of Sciences on May 10, 1860 (8). 

On February 23, 1861, only a few months after the discovery of cesium, Bunsen and Kirchhoff announced to the Berlin Academy the existence of another new alkali metal in lepidolite. 

On the way home Arrhenius was offered a professorship of chemistry at the Berlin Academy of Sciences, the same honor which van t Hoff had previously accepted. King Oscar II of Sweden planned a more tempting offer to keep him at home. The King founded the Nobel Institute for Physical Research at Stockholm, and Arrhenius was made director. Oxford and Cambridge honored him with degrees. 

Hans Aarsleff, The Berlin Academy under Frederick the Great, History of the Human Sciences 2, 1989, 193-206. 

Johann Heinrich Lambert (1728-1777), mathematician, physicist and philosopher, was a tutor for the Earl P. v. Salis in Chur from 1748-1759, where he wrote his famous work on photometry [5.2]. In 1759 he became a member of the Bavarian Academy of Science and upon proposal by L. Euler became a member of the Berlin Academy of Science in 1765. Lambert wrote several philosophical works and dealt with subjects from all areas of physics and astronomy in his numerous publications. He presented the absolute zero point as a limit in the expansion of gases and constructed several air thermometers. In 1761 he proved that v and e are not rational numbers. His works on trigonometry were particularly important for the theory of map construction. 

Reaction of oil of amber with fuming nitric acid gave a musky odour Berlin Academy... 

H. Stach, thesis (Prom. B), Berlin, Academy of Sciences, 1977. 

In January 1917, the Ministers of War and of Education countersigned the license. This was repeated in late summer, using the date 24 January 1917, since both the Imperial Office of the Interior and the Ministry of Justice insisted on countersigning. Even before these bureaucratic hurdles were overcome, the Berlin Academy had indicated its willingness to collaborate. Its secretary, the classical philologist Herman Diels, was elected the KWKW s administrative director, and its administrative office was established in the rooms of the Academy at 38, Unter den Linden. Its scientific board members - i.e., the chairs of the expert committees -were elected by the Academy, and received the Kaiser s confirmation. 

Appropriately, given the new democratic spirit, the new committee chairmen proposed in 1920 were not appointed. Instead, in the summer of 1922, the Berlin Academy appointed the chairmen, as follows ... 

Its second birth was promoted by the German chemist M. Klaproth. At the Berlin Academy of Sciences session on January 25, 1798, he reported about the gold-bearing ore from Seven Mountains . Klaproth repeated what Muller had done in his time. But if the latter was in doubt there was no doubt for M. Klaproth. He named the new element tellurium (from the Latin tellus for Earth ). Although Klaproth had received the reo sample from Muller, he did not want... 

On April 11, 1860, R. Bunsen wrote to G. Roskoe (his collaborator in a study in photochemistry) about his investigation of the new alkali metal. On May 10 he reported the discovery of cesium to the Berlin Academy of Sciences. Six months later Bunsen already had 50 g of almost pure cesium chloroplatinate. To obtain such an amount of the product, it was required to process nearly 300 tons of mineral water about one kilogram of lithium chloride was isolated as a side product. These figures show how small was the cesium content in mineral spring waters. 

Lavoisier s two memoirs on gypsum were read in February 1765 and March 1766. The first was published in 1768. The work was begun in November 1764 and continued until 1766. In the first memoir he mentions Pott (see Vol. II, p. 718) and in a footnote says he had not seen some remarks by Baume in an obscure publication until his own memoir was completely finished, and the conformity of Baume s results and his own had disconcerted him. At the end, in a note added after reading, Lavoisier says he had just heard (j ai appris) of the memoir of Marggraf in the Memoirs of the Berlin Academy for 1750 a French translation of this was published in 1762 (see Vol. II), in which Lavoisier could have seen that practically all his own results had been anticipated. 

Franz Carl Achard (Berlin, 28 April 1753-Cunern, 20 April 1821), of French extraction, son of a Protestant minister, pupil and successor of Marggraf as professor in the Berlin Academy, worked on chemical and physical subjects. Achard published a very large number of papers on physical and chemical subjects, many of no importance. They are mostly collected in two books ... 

From 1780, Klaproth published a large number of chemical researches, mainly in analytical chemistry, which was his speciality. In 1786 he opposed Lavoisier s theory, but on 16 September 1792, he successfully repeated Lavoisier s experiments before the Berlin Academy of Science (of which he became a member in 1788) in consequence he adopted the new theory, and was followed by other German chemists. Klaproth was Assessor of Pharmacy to the Collegium Medicum from 1782, professor of chemistry to the Royal Feldartilleriecorps from 1787, and to the Royal Artillerie Academie from 1791, member of the Obercollegium Medici et Sanitatis from 1799, and from its foundation in 1810 until his death he was the first professor of chemistry in the University of Berlin. 

The experiment was repeated by Bryan Higgins with an improved apparatus, and also repeated and modified by V. V. Petrov (1761-1834) in St. Petersburg it was successfully repeated by Klaproth in the Berlin Academy of Sciences on 16 September 1792. ... 

In Berlin, Andreas Sigismund Marggraf (see Chapter 14 Magnesium and Calcium), director of the chemical laboratory at the Berlin Academy of Sciences 1754-1760, made many experiments with platinum. He observed traces of mercury in the native platinum and concluded that it was a residue from an amalgamation process. He repeated Lewis s experiments with sal ammoniac and obtained the same result... 

Member of the Academy of Belgium, Correspondent of the Institute of France, of the Royal Society of London, of the Berlin Academy, etc. 

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