Benzylalkonium chloride

Noncovalent functional strategies to modify the outer surface of CNTs in order to preserve the sp2 network of carbon nanotubes are attractive and represent an effective alternative for sidewall functionalization. Some molecules, including small gas molecules [195], anthracene derivatives [196-198] and polymer molecules [118, 199], have been found liable to absorb to or wrap around CNTs. Nanotubes can be transferred to the aqueous phase through noncovalent functionalization of surface-active molecules such as SDS or benzylalkonium chloride for purification [200-202]. With the surfactant Triton X-100 [203], the surfaces of the CNTs were changed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, thus allowing the hydrophilic surface of the conjugate to interact with the hydrophilic surface of biliverdin reductase to create a water-soluble complex of the immobilized enzyme [203]. 

Additionally, in a survey overview on the effectiveness of handwashing and hand disinfection for the removal of nosocomial pathogens from heavily contaminated hands, 0.5% CHG in 70% isopropanol was most effective, followed by 70% ethanol and, to a lesser extent, 40% isopropanol [5], Comparison of the efficacy of 62% ethanol, 70% isopropanol, and benzylalkonium chloride-based hand sanitizers using the healthcare personnel handwash protocol indicated that all three had equivalent efficacy at greater than 2-log reduction after the first wash, whereas the benzylalkonium chloride hand sanitizer demonstrated residual efficacy. 

Surfactant-assisted dispersion is a very common technique that enables the transfer of nanotubes to the aqueous phase in the presence of surface-active molecules such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or benzylalkonium chloride. 

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