Benzodiazepines lactation

Hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines psychoses acute narrow-angle glaucoma patients with clinical or biochemical evidence of significant liver disease intra-arterial use (lorazepam injection) children younger than 6 months of age, lactation (diazepam) coadministration with ketoconazole and itraconazole caused by inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A. 

Lactation Benzodiazepines are excreted in breast milk (lorazepam not known). Chronic diazepam use in nursing mothers reportedly caused infants to become lethargic and to lose weight do not give to nursing mothers. 

Similar to sodium lactate- and C02-induced panic, CCK-4-induced attacks can be blocked by antipanic treatment with antidepressants (e.g., Bradwejn and Koszycki 1994 Shhk et al. 1997) or benzodiazepines (DeMontigny et al. 

Less common adverse effects include blurred vision, hallucinations, and paradoxical reactions consisting of excitement, stimulation, and hyperactivity. Also, a variety of gastrointestinal complaints occur, and blood dyscrasias have been reported, but these are rare. Benzodiazepine administration during pregnancy, delivery, or lactation has the potential to have adverse effects on the fetus or newborn. 

The C02 inhalation challenge and sodium lactate infusion challenge paradigms show high specificity for panic disorder but less sensitivity than the cholecystokinin (CCA) or methyl-chlorophenylpiperazine (niCPP) challenge tests, which are also able to provoke panic symptoms and anxiety in health volunteers. Flumazenil a benzodiazepine antagonist can provoke panic attacks in some panic disorder patients but with lower sensitivity than sodium lactate infusion, C02 or CCK. 

McElhatton PR. The effects of benzodiazepine use during pregnancy and lactation. Reprod Toxicol 1994 8 461-475. 

Gentian (Genf/ana lutea) Uses T Appetite, treat digestive disorders such as colitis, IBS, flatulence Actions Chemical components stimulate digestive juices Available forms Liq extract 2-4g PO OD, tine 1-3 g PO OD, dried root 2-A g PO OD Contra Do not use PRG, lactation, HTN Notes/SE N/V, HA Interactions T CNS sedation W/ barbiturates, benzodiazepines, EtOH if extract/tinc contains alcohol absorption OF Fe salts EMS many preps contain up to 60% EtOH... 

CNS, smooth muscle T diuresis X- pit aggregation Available forms Daily t doses w/ max 3 g PO daily Contra Avoid in PRG lactation, CAD, hyperthyroidism, anxiety disorders d/t high, caffeine content Notes/SE Insomnia, tach, anxiety, N/V, HA, HTN, Sz Interactions T Effects OF anticoagulants, anti-pits, BBs, bron-choclilators T risk of hypertensive crisis W/ MAOIs T effects W/ cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, ephedrine, hormonal contraceptives, dieophylline, cola, coffee X-effects OF adenosine, antihypertensives, benzodiazepines, Fe, X- effects W/ smoking EMS Tinctures contain EtOH may exacerbate GI disorders HTN T effects of anticoagulants and BBs... 

Benzodiazepines are secreted into the milk in relatively small amounts (28). During lactation, longer-acting agents are relatively contraindicated, particularly with continued administration beyond 3-5 days, owing to the likelihood of infant sedation (122,124). Short-acting benzodiazepines and zopiclone are probably safe, especially if restricted to single doses or for short courses of therapy (28,125). Zopiclone and midazolam, for example, become undetectable in breast milk 4—5 hours after a dose (126). 

PEG 300 and PEG 400 are generally considered to be amongst the safest organic cosolvents. " " Loraze-pam, a benzodiazepine used for sedation and epilepsy, has a water solubility of only 0.08 mg/ml and is solubilized in Ativan to 2-4 mg/ml with propylene glycol and 18% PEG 400, and is administered either undiluted intramuscularly or by TV bolus after a two-fold dilution with saline, dextrose or lactated Ringer s. Methocarbamil, a skeletal muscle relaxant, has solubility in water of 25 mg/ml and is solubilized to 100 mg/ml in Robaxin using 50 /o PEG 300, which is... 

Hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines psychoses acute narrow-angle glaucoma children < 6 years lactation concomitant alcohol administration. 

The benzodiazepines are Pr nancy Cat iy D dru, and tlie drug metabolite freely crosses the placenta Use of tliese dni during pr nancy is contraindicated because of tlie risk of birtli defects or neonatal witli-drawal syndrome manifested by irritability tremors and respiratory problems. The benzodiazepine are contraindicated during labor because of reports of floppy infant syndrome manifested by sucking difficulties, letliargy, and hyix)tonia Lactating women should also avoid tlie benzodiazepine because of the effect on tlie infant, who become letliargic and lose wei t. 

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