Benzodiazepines intoxication from

Phenothiazines and butyrophenones can counteract intoxication from lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) benzodiazepines can inhibit this useful effect of antipsychotic drugs (151). 

Benzodiazepine (BZ) intoxication is manifested as slurred speech, poor coordination, swaying, drowsiness, hypotension, nystagmus, and confusion. Signs and symptoms of BZ withdrawal are similar to those of alcohol withdrawal, including muscle pain, anxiety, restlessness, confusion, irritability, haJlucinations, delirium, seizures, and cardiovascular collapse. Withdrawal from short-acting BZs (e.g., oxazepam, lorazepam, alprazolam) has an onset within 12 to 24 hours of the last dose. Diazepam, chlordiazep-oxide, and clorazepate have elimination half-lives (or active metabolites with elimination half-lives) of 24 to greater than 100 hours. So, withdrawal may be delayed for several days after their discontinuation. Sedative-hypnotic dependence is summarized in Table 73-2. 

A young man dependent on Kompot or Polish heroin , a domestic product produced from poppy straw or the juice of poppy heads (P. somniferum) and given intravenously, developed Guillain-Barre syndrome after severe intoxication induced by home-made heroin, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines (11). 

Adequate supportive care should be assured in the phencyclidine-intoxicated patient. There is no antidote for phencyclidine overdose. The patient should be isolated from all sensory stimuli as much as possible and protected from self-inflicted injury. Benzodiazepines should be administered liberally and titrated until the phencyclidine-intoxicated patient calms. Adequate hydration should be assured to maintain the urine output at l-2cckg h. Although urine acidification theoretically enhances phencyclidine elimination, it is not recommended because of the high frequency of rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuric renal failure seen with significant intoxication. Seizures should be treated with... 

Intoxication produced by Amanita muscaria and related Amanita species arises from the neurologic and hallucinogenic properties of muscimol, ibotenic acid, and other isoxazole derivatives that stimulate excitatory and inhibitory amino acid receptors. Symptoms range from irritability, restlessness, ataxia, hallucinations, and delirium to drowsiness and sedation. Treatment is mainly supportive benzodiazepines are indicated when excitation predominates atropine often exacerbates the delirium. 

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