Benzene sulphon amide

Bento amide Benzene- sulphon- amide p-Tolu- enesul- phon- amide Plcrate Formyl Derivative Other Derivatives... 

Amine B.P. M.P. Acetamide Benz- amide Benzene- sulphon- amide p-Tolu- enesul- phon- amlde Benzal Derivative Picrate 3-Nltro- phthal- lmlde 2 4- Dinitro- phenyl Derivative Formyl Derivative Phenyl thio- urea... 

Sulphon Amides.— Just as acetyl chloride is converted into acetamide by the action of ammonia so benzene sulphon chloride yields benzene sulphon amide by the same treatment. 

Even sulphonate esters 109 are powerful directing groups, competing well with tertiary amides. No substitution accompanies ortholithiation of ethyl or isopropyl benzene-sulphonate by BuLi. Hydrolysis and chlorination of the products 110 gives functionalized sulphonyl chlorides 111 (Scheme 48) °°. 

Amides are estimated by hydrolysis with alkalis (generally aqueous or alcoholic potash) or with acids (sulphuric, phosphoric or benzene sulphonic). In the former case the ammonia set free is absorbed in standard acid (as in the Kjeldahl estimation of nitrogen) and the excess of acid titrated. In the latter the estimation is conducted similarly to a Kjeldahl estimation of nitrogen, the ammonium salt formed on hydrolysis being afterwards decomposed by alkali and the liberated ammonia collected in standard acid. 

Mixtures of primary, secondary and tertiary amines can usually be separated by Hinsberg s method. This is based on the fact that reaction with benzene-sulphonyl (or toluene-p-sulphonyl) chloride converts primary amines into alkali-soluble sulphonamides, secondary amines into alkali-insoluble sulphon-amides and leaves tertiary amines unaffected. 

Nitroso-piperidine—Nitro-toluene—Azo-benzene, introduction of hydroxyl groups — Toluene-sulphone-amides— Saccharine—p-Nitro-o-toluene-sulphone - amide—Oxida -tion of aromatic oxy-carboxylic acids.76-78... 

On Sulphonyl Chlorides and Sulphonamides.—The conversion of benzenesulphonic acid into its chloride and amide shows that derivatives of sulphonic acids, analogous to those of carboxylic acids, can be obtained. The sulpho-chlorides are much less reactive than are the chlorides of the carboxylic acids benzene sulphochloride, for example, can be dis-stilled in steam almost without decomposition. 

Cinnamic acid, like other unsaturated compounds, forms addition-products with the halogen hydrides, hypochlorous acid, bromine, and so forth. It yields esters, an acid chloride, and an amide. The hydrogen atoms in the benzene ring may be replaced by the halogens, nitro groups, amino groups, and the sulphonic acid group. 

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