Benzene-soluble particulates

In 1996, there were 25,000 workers employed in 75-100 domestic wood treatment plants using coal tar creosote. As a result of the use of engineering controls and personal protective equipment (e.g., respiratory protection and impervious gloves) required in the 1986 settlement of the EPA Special Review process,1 airborne exposures to creosote components in the workplace are generally below the OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 0.2 mg benzene soluble particulates perm3 air (Rivers 1990). 

Coal tar pitch volatiles, see Particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH), as benzene solubles Cobalt metal, dust and fume (as Co)... 

Teranishi, K., K. Hamada, and H. Watanabe, Mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium Mutants of the Benzene-Soluble Organic Matter Derived from Airborne Particulate Matter and Its Five Fractions, Mutat. Res., 56, 273-280 (1978). 

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES mixture of coal tar, coal tar pitch, and creosote condensed coke oven emissions consist of a brownish, thick liquid or semisolid naphthalene-like odor is characteristic of condensed coke oven emissions uncondensed coke oven emissions contain vapors that escape when the ovens are changed and emptied contain chemicals such as benzo(a)pyrene, benzanthracene, chrysene, and phenanthrene OSHA defines coke oven emissions as the benzene-soluble fraction of total particulate matter present during destructive distillation or carbonization of coal to produce coke. 

Occupational exposure may cause bronchitis and dermatitis. Exposure to particulates caused mmors in the lungs and kidneys of animals. In humans, lung and kidney cancers may develop years after the cessation of exposure. TLV-TWA 0.2 mg/m, as a benzene-soluble fraction (ACGIH). 

BSO, benzene-soluble organic fraction of particulate matter. Cyclohexane extract of particulate matter. 

Crude oil has been characterized as a colloid (1,2) in which high molecular weight, asphaltic particles are dispersed. Such particulates—known as asphaltenes—are held in solution via peptization by lower molecular weight components—classified as resins. This association forms a micellar type structure (3-5). Classification of the asphaltic constituents in crude oil is based primarily upon each component s solubility in various solvents (e.g., the pentane soluble, propane insoluble resin or maltene fraction and the benzene soluble, pentane insoluble asphaltene fraction) (6,7). 

B. Definition The benzene-soluble fraction of total particulate matter present during the destructive distillation or carbonization of coal for the production of coke. 

I. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE GUIDELINES A. Sampling (Benzene-soluble fraction total particulate matter). 

The solubiHty of phosphoms in water is about 3 ppm. However, process water used in phosphoms manufacture or handling often catties larger amounts of phosphoms as particulates or small droplets, depending on the water temperature. Phosphoms-contaminated water is commonly called phossy water. Phosphoms has low solubiHty in most common solvents, but is quite soluble in carbon disulfide and some other special solvents. The solubiHty in CS2 and benzene was formerly used in phosphoms analyses, but toxicity and increasing waste disposal costs have led to mote use of toluene and xylene, and mote tecentiy to the use of nonchemical turbidity measurements. 

The application of GC-MS to PAH-analysis will allow considerable simplification of the work-up procedure. As far as solubility and dynamic range considerations will permit, the major PAH in airborne particulate matter samples can be accurately measured in the electron impact single or multiple ion monitoring mode, using the molecular ions of the respective PAH as specific ions, in the presence of much larger amounts of aliphatic hydrocarbons and carboxylic acids. Polar and ionic material is first removed from the combined benzene-methanol extract by liquid-liquid partition in water-diethylether. After drying, the addition of diazomethane results in derivatisation of the acidic components and the sample can be injected onto the column (Van Vaeck and Van Cauwenberghe (30)). 

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