Benzene Constitution

The control system was also demonstrated in open and enclosed systems with highly sooting fuels including benzene. When the proper phase angle of fuel injection was used, soot formation could be prevented, and an entirely blue flame realized, even when gaseous benzene constituted 66% of the combustible content. The combustion efficiency of the benzene was beyond 99.999% even at an overall equivalence ratio of 1.0. 

Because the trimerization of acetylene is so enormously exothermic (—143.6 kcal/mol) and is allowed by the Woodward-Hoffmann rules, one might expect a very low activation energy for this transformation. The decrease in entropy might be costly, but should not be prohibitive in intramolecular cases. Experimentally, acetylene undergoes reaction at 400 °C in the gas phase to give a wide variety of products, of which benzene constitutes only a small fraction26. ... 

Orf/zo-benzylanilines fail to display even a moderate ortho effect. Although loss of benzene constitutes a characteristic dissociation channel for many arylaliphatic radical... 

It is remarkable that this reaction and the direct hydroxylation of benzene cited above occur in a 3-phase system gas-liquid-solid. The oxidation of benzene constitutes an extraordinary case in that the liquid is a mixture of benzene and acetic acid and the gas phase contains both air and hydrogen] This suggests the formidable problems that chemical engineering had to solve to develop these processes. 

In these hydrocarbons and in other derivatives of benzene the six stoma of carbon belonging to benzene constitute what is known as the bentene nucleus bentene ring, or the principal chain while the substituted groups are designated as the latmd chains,... 

Although benzene constitutes only 33% of the molecules in the solution, it makes up 63% of the molecules in the vapor. 

Toluene, xylenes, and benzene constitute the majority of solvent emissions since they are native components of crude oil. Methyl ethyl ketone is also emitted in large quantities because of its use in lube oil dewaxing. 

Detailed work by Davis and Hetzer (1951-1958) on acid-base systems in nonaqueous liquids such as benzene constitutes an attempt to clarify the position relative to the Bronsted-Lowry and the Lewis concepts of acidity. Even in this work, however, liquids such as benzene were described as inert because they do not give rise to significant quantities of free hydrogen ions. It was asserted that in such solvents the product of the interaction of a base with a Bronsted acid and the product of the interaction of that base with a Lewis acid are essentially of the same type, a highly polar addition compound. For organic bases in liquids such as benzene, these authors urged the adoption of association rather than dissociation constants A+B C. They referred to spectroscopic evidence showing that the anion is not completely detached from the proton of the cation. In the system... 

---