Off site impacts

Modeling extrasystem events (e.g., potential releases from the system). For example, maximum intended inventory might be intentionally limited by that below which there would be no off-site impacts. CCPS (1999b) gives a complete discussion of this type of analysis. 

Catastrophic incidents—Incidents that have major consequences with unacceptable lasting effects, usually involving loss of human life, severe off-site impacts, and/or loss of community trust with possible loss of franchise to operate. 

Soil erosion continues to be one of the greatest threats to the sustainability of agriculture around the world. Erosion caused by water and wind reduces rich topsoil and crop yields. Soil erosion also produces a variety of adverse off-site impacts, including increased sedimentation of lakes and streams and transport of nutrients and pesticides to surface waters (Ribaudo and Johansson, 2006) (Table 1.5). 

The use of conservation tillage, made possible by triazine and other herbicides, has dramatically reduced soil erosion and its on- and off-site impacts. Significant benefits from the use of herbicides such as the triazines can be realized because conservation tillage reduces erosion, sedimentation, and flooding. By creating a crop field with many features comparable to those in natural areas, conservation tillage also provides other benefits to the environment and to wildlife. 

Contamination with the intent to cause a reactive event while in transit, an event at the final destination, or other off-site impacts that could result from tampering with the material... 

Thus, abnormal operation events occurred in the power unit resulted in no radiation impact on residents and environment, since all these events were below the International Nuclear Event Scale (according to off-site impact ), i.e. could be neglected. 

Minor off-site impact (public nuisance, noise, smoke, odor, traffic)... 

Moderate off-site impact limited to property damage, minor health effects to the public or first aid injuries... 

Severe off-site impact property damage, off-site fatahty, long-term health effect, or disabling injuries... 

The frequency of each of the release categories should be calculated by summing the frequencies of each of the end points on the event trees assigned to it. When the scope of the PSA includes releases from all sources of radioactive material on the site, the releases from these ex-core sources should be taken into account at this point. This may involve the definition of additional release categories which would typically have lower off-site impact but higher frequency than those from a damaged core. 

Keywords Environmental damage. Ground fortifications. Onsite and off site impacts. Terrestrial environment. 

Public Instructions. When an accident with the potential for off-site impacts occurs, the affected public must be alerted promptly and be provided with instructions on appropriate protective actions. If protective actions are not required, the public will still require instructions in order to reduce their concern and prevent them from taking inappropriate actions when an emergency situation is announced or reported by the media or when friends tell them. 

Considerable off-site impact >25 rem TEDE or >ERPG-2/TEEL-2... 

Only minor off-site impact >1 rem TEDE or >ERPG-1/TEEL-1 Negligible off-site impact <1 rem or [Pg.682]

RCRA permits associated with new combustion facilities or modifications to existing RCRA permits that address new treatment processes or corrective action cleanups involving potential off-site impacts. 

A second off-site impact will concern water quality and quantity on-site and in both directions (up- and down-stream), all of which further extends the impacts of oil sand development. Transporting and processing the mined bitumen uses large... 

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