Behavioural techniques

Another common behavioural technique uses the graded exposure ... 

The goals of therapy were agreed with Trevor. Schema-focused treatment strategies for treating his workaholism consisted of a range of detailed cognitive, experiential and behavioural techniques, which aimed to modify the underlying EMS and dysfunctional assumptions and break the associated dysfunctional patterns of behaviour. 

Feindler, E. L. and Ecton, R. B. (1986). Adolescent Anger Control Cognitive Behavioural Techniques. New York Pergamon. 

Gilbert, P. (1997). Overcoming Depression A Self-Help Guide Using Cognitive Behavioural Techniques. London Robinson. 

Have ergonomic principles and behavioural techniques been considered in the layout of the operating controls and work stations ... 

We often use the example given above to demonstrate the potential effectiveness of behavioural techniques. However, the example is not typical of many interventions in two respects. First, there is money available to act as reinforcement. This is often not the case, and is an issue we will return to later. Secondly, the desired behaviour is specific and precise and it is hence very clear what behaviour is to be reinforced. This may not always be the case. Indeed, organizations may, for the very best of intentions, reinforce the very behaviour that they wish to discourage. Examples may be found in many organizations, but we have taken a particular interest in safety on the oil platforms in the North Sea. 

Such examples demonstrate one of the conditions under which reinforcement of this sort works best, that is, the expenditure of a little additional investment on the part of the individual with the potential for a large payoff. Football pools and national lotteries make use of this principle, and it also underlies the use of the prize draws widely used as a marketing technique. Managers sometimes raise (quite legitimate) objections to such schemes on the basis that they involve paying workers extra to do what they are already paid to do (i.e. come to work), but sticking to your principles may have a cost - in this case continued high levels of absenteeism while these well-proven behavioural techniques could solve the problem. 

The application of behavioural techniques to improve the control of risks in normal emplo5unent have usually occurred as a result of a senior management initiative. It occurs as a dictate from on high and is imposed on the workforce. A t5qjical response from the workforce is three-fold ... 

Herbert, C. and Wetmore, A. (1999) Overcoming Traumatic Stress A Self-help Guide Using Cognitive Behavioural Techniques, Robinson, London. 

For our purposes, we will consider two main categories of behavioural techniques ... 

This last comment was only confirmed in observation in as much as Jerry doesn t offer a smile readily but he was sometimes seen to smile in response either to a teacher s joke or to a comment of his girl science partner. Eye contact was also felt by some staff to be important in improving the quality of students interactions this was one of the goals set for Luke at Oakwood Junior. Where young people appear not to have developed important and discrete social skills (such as eye contact or smiling), the use of behavioural techniques (as described by, among others, McBrien and Foxen, 1981) can be successful and should be considered. 

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