Beats rotational

Bridges and Chang 360) obtained very accurate rotational constants of CO2 from measurements of beat frequencies between CO2 vibrational-rotational laser lines. They mixed the frequencies from 37 pairs of cw laser lines, each stabilized to line center, in a bulk... 

Ga-As mixer at room temperature. These beat frequencies, which are in the lAillimeterwave region of 50-80 GHz, could be measured with an accuracy of better than 1 MHz. The rotational constants deduced for the vibrational levels 00° 1, 10°0 and 02°0 are 25 to 200 times more accurate than the previous best results. 

A suspension is a mixture which arises when solid particles are mixed optimally in a liquid. The suspended solid particles have a diameter of appr. 200-0.5 nm and the mixture is also called a colloidal dispersion . The liquid is the medium of dispersion. A clay suspension is suitable for the production of so-called hollow, non-rotation symmetrical articles, such as sanitary ware. Until the beginning of the 20th century these products were made by beating the clay into plaster of paris moulds, the so-called dies. Gradually people discovered not only the physically and chemical properties of suspensions but also how to change them and thus the technique of clay moulding developed and complicated shapes could be made. The science of colloid chemistry has been essential here. In the field of technical ceramics the moulding technique is also applied with other raw materials than clay. 

It appears noteworthy that it is in principle possible to obtain information on rotational diffusion coefficients from the self beating spectrum (the most frequently applied technique). In this case it is necessary to observe a (usually small) polarized component of the scattered light perpendicular to that of the normal scattering. Mazer, Benedek et al.143,144,145 in the US, Corti and Degiorgio29 in Italy have pioneered this method regarding its application to micellar phenomena in aqueous solutions. 

Let us mention the rotational beats which have recently been observed (with a trans-stilbene molecule in a gasodynamic jet) and interpreted by Felker and Zewail [54, 145]. The essence of this interesting phenomenon may be described in a simplified way as follows. Let a picosecond laser pulse be capable of coherently exciting from some rotational state J f of a... 

The bio-activity of synthesized samples was estimated from mobility parameters of unicellular microorganisms measured by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The following characteristics of cell population were measured cell concentration (units/ml) % of mobile cells mean translation velocity (pm/s), cell rotational frequency of (Hz) flagella beat frequency (Hz), distribution of beat frequencies, and kinetic energy of cell motion in a viscous environment (arbitrary units). Details of experimental equipment and measurement procedures may be found elsewhere.7,8 All parameters were measured with an accuracy of about 2%.9... 

In order to enhance the bonding capability of the fibers, it is necessary to mechanically beat or refine them in equipment such as beaters, jordans, or disc refiners. This treatment of the pulp slurry at about 3-6 percent consistency is done by passing the pulp between the two rotating surfaces of the refiner. These surfaces contain metal bars and operate at very close clearances. As the fibers pass between the bars, they are made more flexible, and a larger surface for bonding is developed by the mechanical action. 

Picosecond study of pyrazine seeded in supersonic 271 expansions of He. Decay behaviour interpreted in terms of rapid dephasing of initially populated singlet state Decays of rotational states of the (0-0) transition 310 of pyrazine. When Fourier transformed, beating decays are obtained... 

When Walker was a postdoc, people argued whether this was rotation, or whether it was beating in a sinusoidal fashion. The key experiment was that somebody made an antibody that recognized the end of the flagellum and they took a cover slip and coated it with the antibody and added the bacteria to it. This then trapped the bacteria attached by the tip of their tail, and one could look in the fight microscope and see the bacteria turning around in this fashion. This was the first demonstration of rotation in these motile bacteria. The ATP experiment mentioned above was a derivative from this bacteria motility experiment, a macroscopic demonstration of a microscopic chemical event. 

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