Sulfur secondary batteries, lithium

T Tigh-performance lithium—sulfur secondary batteries are being devel-- oped for use in electric automobiles and for off-peak energy storage in electric utility systems. These applications impose severe performance requirements that cannot be met by present batteries. For the electric automobile, the battery must have a minimum specific energy of <— 200 W-hr/kg, a specific power of at least 200 W/kg, and a lifetime of 3-5 yrs. The projected performance requirements for a battery for off-peak energy storage are a maximum cost of 12-15/kW-hr, a specific power of /—50 W/kg, and a minimum lifetime of 5-10 yrs. 

E—Lithium Lithium anode Iodine, sulfur dioxide, thionyl chloride, and iron disulfide Secondary Lithium-iron disulfide batteries, lithium-ion batteries, and lithium polymer batteries... 

An inspection of Tables 1 and 2 shows that appropriate solvents for lithium batteries mainly belong to classes 6 and 7 and include cyclic (EC, PC) and open-chain (DMC, MEC, DEC, MPC) esters and ethers (DIOX, DME, THF) as well as inorganic sulfur compounds (S02, SOCl2). These sulfur compounds are mainly used as liquid cathode materials, simultaneously serving as solvents (S02C12, SOCl2) or cosolvents (S02) in primary or secondary lithium batteries. Recent developments of solvents include... 

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