Battery behavior

Conway, B. E., Transition from supercapacitor to battery behavior in electrochemical energy-storage, J. Electrochem. Soc., 1991, 138(6), 1539 1548. 

The state of charging, mainly of sealed cells, can be studied using galvanos-tatic methods [353] and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy [354-356] (see reviews [357, 358]). The battery behavior was analyzed using electronic network modeling [359, 360]. 

There are many reviews on mathematical models for hthium ion batteries. Botte et al. presented an extensive review on mathematical modeling of rechargeable lithium batteries. A review of mathematical models of lithium and nickel battery systems is discussed in hterature." " Experimental developments in the field can be found in a recent review article that describes new solutions, new measurement procedures and new materials for Li-ion batteries. " Apart from the enormous body of work on modehng of Li-ion batteries, efforts have also been made in making these continuum models more computationally efficient to simulate." Computationally efficient models can not only be used to predict battery behavior but can also be used in situations where real-time parameter estimation is needed, for example, situations where super accurate determination of State of Health (SOH) of a battery is critical, adding a new dimension to the capabilities of continuum models. 

Figure 1.48 Comparison of capacitor, supercapacitor and battery behavior. On the left side, two typical cyclic voltammograms for battery electrodes [LiNiCo oxide, top, and Ni (OH)2, bottom] are shown. Integration of the voltammograms yields the S-shape g(U)-curve shown, which is typical for a battery. On the right...

B. E. Conway [1991] Transition from Supercapacitor to Battery Behavior in Electrochemical Energy Storage. 

Using mathematical modeling to rationalize and predict battery behavior and system performance has been widely used. Driven by commercial interests in the 1980s, the Zn/Bt2 battery was extensively simulated, and various types of models have been used to investigate the transportation of species, secondary electrode reactions, and chemical reactions in bulk electrolyte. Lee et al. [76] developed thin diffusion-layer models to assess the effects of separator and terminal resistance on current distribution and the performance of flow reactors. In this model, in... 

A third passive two-terminal electrical component can also be seen in the LAB electrical models the inductor. This component is connected in series to represent the battery behavior in high frequencies in order to fit EIS measurements. One has to keep in mind that such a component does not really describe the battery, but only the cables used to connect it to the load (or the charger). For EIS, the rule of thumb is approximately 10 nH per centimeter of cable. Otherwise, the self-inductance L (in nH) of a straight wire of length I, small diameter d, made of a metal having a relative permeability equal to 1 (like Cu or Al, but not Fe) can be calculated as follows [30] ... 

Application of Large-Format Battery Behavioral Model... 

Battery Behavioral Model in the Powertrain of a Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle... 

Battery Behavioral Model for Real-Time Battery State-of-Charge Estimation... 

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