Batch processes, coloration textile

A historical note After World War II, DuPont was a leading manufacturer of dyes and pigments. Management was interested in identifying opportunities for the facilities used to manufacture these materials, frequently in batch processes, involving fairly complex chemistry. Where would be the future for colored materials in markets other than textiles or paper, which were then the principal applications for dyes and pigments ... 

The objective of this paper Is to describe the United Merchants and Manufacturers continuous foam processing method for the finishing and coloring of textiles. The term "continuous Is used to distinguish It from the batch foam dyeing process known as the Sancowad process developed and commercialized by the Sandoz Colors and Chemicals Co. (j6). 

Ultrasonic energy offers the opportunity to increase the intensity and speed of reaction of many wet textile processes. Past studies have demonstrated improvements to eneigy, water, and chemical consumption, improved color yields, and reduced effluent loads (Oner et al., 1995 Khatri et al., 2011 Ahmed and El-Shishtawy, 2010). Thakore constructed a specially mounted ultrasonic mbe resonator and used it for exhaust and pad-batch dyeings of cellulose-based fabrics with reactive dyes on a production scale (Thakore, 2011). 

The three embroidery processes mentioned here are often used in order to create highly customized parts while balancing the increased efficiency of automated textile manufacturing. Many modifications and hybrid systems exist in order to increase the productivity. For example, TFP machines exist with up to 11 heads in order to create 11 parts in a single batch. Furthermore, standard embroidery machines exist with 56 parallel heads for increased productivity, while each of these machines may have a different color set for increased customization. A typical example is shown in Fig. 9.15. These systems give embroidery technology a decent efficiency when compared with other multihead textile equipment. 

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