Barbados

Imported Inorganic Chemical Elements, Oxides and Halogen Salts in Barbados, 

Country of Origin Rank Value (000 US ) % Share Cumulative % 

Source Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com 

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The colonists are said to have practiced distillation before 1650. The Virginia setders made brandies and those in New England and the middle colonies distilled a variety of products including apple whiskey (apple jack), mm, and brandy. The first beverages made by the colonists from com and rye were distilled on Staten Island, New York, in 1640 by William Kieft. Rum was produced in Barbados from molasses around 1650 and in colonial Massachusetts in 1657. 

Full-bodied mms are akowed to ferment from 12 to 20 days, often relying on natural or wild fermentation in which the mash is inoculated by the yeast present in the air and starting materials. These mms are twice-distiked in pot stiks to 140—160° proof. Full-bodied mms are often aged from five to seven years in oakbarrels. Caramel color can also be added to give them a darker color. They are produced in Jamaica, Barbados, Martinique, Trinidad, and Guyana. 

An alternative source of the frani-1,4-polyisoprene is balata, obtained from Mimosups balata, occurring in Venezuela, Barbados and Guyana. The latex is thin and may be tapped in the same way as natural rubber. 

Bard E, Hamelin B, Fairbanks RG, Zindler A, Mathieu G, Arnold M (1990) U/Th and ages of corals from Barbados and their use for calibrating the time scale beyond 9000 years BP. Nucl lustrum Methods Phys Res Sect B 52 461-468... 

Figure 6. A portion of the concordia curve for initial =150 and four data points (Edwards et al. 1997) for coral samples from the last interglacial terrace in Barbados. The points lie along a hne, and illustrate the possibility of using best-fit lines through discordant points to extrapolate to concordia and possibly the tme age of a set of samples (after Cheng et al. 1998).

Figure 10. SEM photographs of polished, etched thin sections of fossil Acropora palmata coral (after Edwards 1988). The scale bar in a is 10 microns, a depicts sample AFS-12, a last interglacial coral from Barbados. The crystal morphology in this well-preserved sample is indistingnishable from that of a modem sample (see Fig. 9b). The scale bar in b is 100 microns, b depicts sample PB-5B, a fossil coral collected from North Point Shelf on Barbados. The crystal morphology of this sample shows clear evidence of alteration, inclnding a large calcite crystal filling in a macroscopic pore (dark area in npper right portion of photograph).

Figure 13. Plot of measured versus activity ratio (from Gallup et al. 1994) of all TIMS Barbados data published through 1994 (see...

The above analysis of Barbados corals also places constraints on the history of the marine value. Empirical evidence suggests that diagenesis generally acts to raise the value of Barbados fossil corals, which makes the lowest initial value for each terrace the best estimate of the marine value at the time the terrace was formed. This makes it possible to extend evidence for a stable marine value beyond the last... 

Ku T-L (1968) Protactinium-231 method of dating coral from Barbados Island. J Geophys Res 73 2271-2276... 

Matthew RK (1968) Carbonate diagenesis Equihbration of sedimentary mineralogy to the subaerial environement coral cap of Barbados, West Indies. J Sed Petrol 38 1110-1119 McCulloch MT, Esat T (2000) The coral record of last interglacial sea levels and sea surface temperatures. ChemGeol 169 107-129... 

Mesolella KJ, Matthews RK, Broecker WS, Thurber DL (1969) The astronomical theory of climatic change Barbados data. J Geol 77 250-274... 

GB-89-24-1 (DCF corrected) GB-89-24-1 spline Cango Caves Lake Lisan Mururoa Barbados Lake Suigetsu Papua Nevi/ Guinea Icelandic Sea... 

Cane growers in Barbados are interested in chlorinated hydrocarbons for control of sugar cane root borer, sugar cane root mealy bug, and yellow ant. They are interested in data on persistence of such chemicals in the soil and methods of testing for them. Jamaica reports a probable annual use of 5 tons of DDT for control of sugar cane fly. 

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