Ban Lan

Baphicanthus cusia (Nees.) Bremek. Ban Lan or Da Qing Ye (leaf, root) Indirubin, indigo, indo-brown, indo-yellow, isoindigo, lacerol, tryptanthrin.53 Antidotal, febrifugal, treat fever, epidemic mumps, erysipelas, rashes, sore throat. 

Isatis chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai I. chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai var. graminifoba (Ledeb.) H. C. Fu I. tinctoria L. Ban Lan Gen (leaf, root) Quercetin, kaempferol, stachyose, manneotetrose, lupeose, cicerose, isatan, indoxyl-5-ketogluconate.50 Antiviral, antibacterial, increase blood flow, improve microcirculation, lower blood pressue. 

Sore throat add Ma Bo (Lasiosphaera), She Gan [Belamcandae rhizoma) and Ban Lan Gen [Isatidis/Baphicacanthis radix) to dissipate the swelling and reduce heat-toxin. 

For heat entering the constructive level with a dark red tongue, add Radix Scrophulariae Ningpoensis Xuan Shen) and Cornu Rhinocerotis Xi Jiao). Radix Arnebiae Seu Lithospermi (Zi Cao) or the combination of Radix Isatidis Seu Baphicacanthi Ban Lan Gen) and Gypsum Shi Gao) can be substituted for Rhinoceros... 

Another option for the treatment of more serious sore throat is to add Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae (Tu Niu Xi), Radix Isatidis Seu Baphicacanthi (Ban Lan Gen), and Fructificatio Lasiosphaerae Seu Calvatiae (Ma Bo). 

Comment Cornu Bubali (Shui Niu Jiao) can be substituted for Rhinoceros Horn. In either case, the horn is ground into a fine powder and washed down with the decoction. It is also possible to substitute Radix Lithospermi Seu Arnebiae (Zi Cao) for Rhinoceros Horn. One may also substitute Gypsum (Shi Gao) and Radix Isatidis Seu Baphicacanthi (Ban Lan Gen). Since Rhinoceros are an endangered species, such substitution is imperative. 

The first reported use of an IL for this reaction was in 2002 by Hangarge et al, who utilized LAN as the solvent and catalyst for the reaction of aromatic aldehydes with 3-methyl-l-phenylpyrazolin-5-(4//)-one, shown in Scheme 2a, and 4-oxo-(4/ -l-benzopyran-3-carbaldehydes with 3-methyl-l-phenylpyrazolin-5-(4//)-one, shown in Scheme 2b.Later work showed very similar results for LAN as the solvent and catalyst for the reaction of 1,3-diphenyl-l//-pyrazole-3-carbaldehydes with 3-methyl-1-pheny Ipyrazolin-5-(4F/)-one, shown in Scheme 2c. " The yields and reactions times are given in Table 5. Compared to standard methods, the use of BAN led to shorter reaction times, much higher yields (typical yields of 33—47% using conventional techniques and very mild reaction conditions. 

The Diels—Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene with a dienophile, shown in Scheme 4, was trialed in a PIL in 1989 using EAN. We believe this was the first reported use of a PIL as the reaction media and catalyst in an organic synthesis reaction. The selectivity toward the endo product compared to the exo product was lower in LAN, with endo/ exo ratios of 6.477.4, compared to 7.4/9.3 in water, and the conversion rate was slower in BAN. However, the key feature was demonstrating that reactions of this type were feasible in PILs. 

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