Bam earthquake

Many published reports of earthquake victims and survivors do not separate characteristics of children from adults. However, the conclusion is drawn that children are victims based on the age ranges and mean ages of the victims. For example, the Bam earthquake on December 26, 2003, killed over 43,000 people. The 708 victims treated in Chamran Hospital the first 48 hours after the earthquake had an age range of 1.5 months to 70 years (mean age = 30.5 years Emami et al., 2005). From the same earthquake, 210 patients who received treatment for musculoskeletal injuries at Shariati Hospital were studied. In this group, the patients ages ranged from 7 to 70 years (mean age = 30.2 years Naghi et al., 2004). 

Emami, J., Tavakoli, A., Alemzadeh, H., Abdinejad, F, Shahcher-aghi, G., Erfani, M., et al. (2005). Strategies in evaluation and management of Bam earthquake victims. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 20(5), 327-330. 

Naghi, T., Kambiz, K., Shahriar, J., Afshin, T., Reza, S., Behnam, R, et at. (2004). Musculoskeletal injuries associated with earthquake. A report of injuries of Iran s December 26, 2003, Bam earthquake casualties managed in tertiary referral centers. Injury, 36, 27-32. 

The Bam earthquake was also studied in Chini et al. (2009), where the integration between medium resolution SAR data was analyzed, from 20 m resolution C-band sensor onboard of... 

Chini M, Pierdicca N, Emery WJ (2009) Exploiting SAR and VHR optical images to quantify damage caused by the 2003 Bam earthquake. IEEE Trans Geosci 47 145-152... 

Hisada Y, Shibaya A (2004) Building damage and seismic intensity in Bam city from the 2003 Iran, Bam, earthquake. Bull Earthquake Res Inst Univ Tokyo 79 81-93... 

Fig. 5 Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) image of the Bam earthquake area (http // WWW. parstimes. com/ spaceimages/bamAandsat. html). Red line is the fault inferred from InSAR data this fault has been recognized as the earthquake source. Dotted black line is the Bam fault. The star indicates the epicenter location focal mechanism (beach ball) is from USGS website (Modified from Stramondo et al. 2005)...

Stramondo S, Moro M, Tolomei C, Cinti FR, Doumaz F (2005a) InSAR surface displacement field and fault modelling for the 2003 Bam earthquake (southeastern Iran). J Geodynamics 40(2005) 347-353... 

B.c.E. Mud bricks Mud-brick buildings appear in desert regions, offering durable shelter. The citadel in Bam, Iran, the largest mud-brick building in the world, was built before 500 b.c.e. and was largely destroyed by an earthquake in 2003. 

Earthquake Engineering Research Institute - EERI (2004) Preliminary observations on the Bam, tan, earthquake of December 26, 2003. EERI Special Earthquake Report, [Online]. Available at http // www.eeri.org/lfe/pdf/iran bam eeri preliminaiy report.pdf... 

Gusella L, Adams BJ, Bitelli G, Huyck CK, Mognol A (2005) Object-oriented image understanding and post-earthquake damage assessment for the 2003 Bam, Iran, earthquake. Earthq Spectra 21(Sl) 225-238... 

On December 26, 2003, at 5 56 local time, a strong earthquake of magnitude 6.6 devastated the city of Bam, in southeast Iran. More than 26,000 people died, 30,000 were injured, and about 85 % of the buildings and infrastructures were destroyed (Hisada et al. 2004). 

The city of Bam was observed by the VHR optical sensor of QuickBird satellite before the seismic event on September 30, 2003, and after the earthquake on January 3, 2004. QuickBird can take images at a pixel resolution of 0.6 m in the panchromatic channel and at 2.4 m in the multispectral bands. 

EERl (2004) Learning from earthquakes. Social and public policy issues following the Bam, tan. Earthquake. EERl special earthquake report, California,... 

On December 26, 2003, southeastern Iran was shaken by a destmctive earthquake (Mw 6.5). The event was located near the city of Bam and the Bavarat village (Fig. 5) and nucleated at... 

Before this earthquake occurred, the Bam fault was the major tectonic feature mapped in the epicentral area (Fig. 5), extending along the west side of Bavarat village (i.e., Fu et al. 2004). Initially, the December 2003 shock has been associated to this fault. Although the reports on field investigations describe the surface features produced by the event such as landslides, liquefactions, sinkholes, and fractures particularly concentrated between the city of Bam and Bavarat village (Zare 2003), none of these surface features have been interpreted as evidences for surface dislocation directly associated to the Bam fault. In other words, such secondary effects... 

Stramondo S, Moro M, Doumaz F, Cinti FR (2005b) The December 26th, 2003, Bam (Iran) earthquake surface displacement from Envisat ASAR Interferometry, International Journal of Remote Sensing, vol. 26 (5) 1027-1034... 

Zare M (2003) Seismological aspects of Bam (SE Iran) earthquake of 26 December 2003. Mw6.5 a preliminary reconnaissance report. Website http //www. mehdizare.eom/lecture-present.htm NEW%20Joumal %20Papers%20(updated%207%20April%20200... 

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