Ballistic separator

Some of the first improvements in riser termination devices were in the form of inertial separators (Figure 20). The inertial or ballistic separator was a device attached to the end of the riser which deflected the catalyst in cracked product 180° in a downward direction toward the base of the reactor vessel. Gravity was used to draw the catalyst into the stripper and density differences to draw the hydrocarbons into the cyclones. 

After the ballistic separator the catalyst (now spent) falls down to the stripper where it flows counter-current to rising steam in a dense, baffled fluidized bed. The steam purges hydrocarbons entrained by the falling spent catalyst and desorbs some of the residual hydrocarbons on the catalyst. The spent catalyst flows to the regenerator via a spent catalyst standpipe. 

One solution is to place the reactor cyclones very close to the riser outlet. This is the vented riser design offered by UOP — Figure 22. Catalyst from the end of the riser impacts the head of the reactor which now acts as a ballistic separator. The reaction mix turns 180 degrees as it leaves the riser to exit quickly through the cyclone inlets positioned right next to the riser. 

It is to be Qoted that the total effective work capacity of an explosive usually has two resultants — (1) fragmentation and (2) blast effect or the movement of matter. These can be measured separately. As there is no shattering effect in the ballistic pendulum test, this test may be considered to measure total effective work capacity Ref W.H. Rinkenbach, Private communication, Allentown, Pa, Feb 20, 1964 Detonation, ZND (ZeTdavicb- von Neumann-Doering) Model. See Detonation NDZ (Neumann-Doring-Zel dovich) Theory, pD454... 

Typical AP-T (Armor-Piercing-Tracer) Artillery Projectile, such as used in 120-mm AP-T Separated Projectile M358, is shown in Fig 1-7. Its solid cylindrical body (called "slug" or "shot ), made of hardened steel, has a pointed nose, a flat base and two gilding metal rotating bands. A tracer is inserted in the cavity of the base. The nose of proj is covered with a metallic (such as of forged Al) windshield (also known as "ballistic cap" or false ogive"), which makes the... 

A 500-L solution containing 2 mg/L of free chlorine residual in distilled water was pumped onto the four-column system the columns were eluted and the eluants were processed as described earlier. This chlorine blank and resin eluant blanks were analyzed by GC-MS by using a Finnigan 4023 with the I NCOS data system and a 31,000-compound National Bureau of Standards library. Electron impact spectra were obtained by using an electron energy of 70 eV and a scan time of 1 s for the mass range 33-550 amu. A 30-m WCOT SE-54 fused-silica capillary column (J W Scientific) was used for separations. Injections were made with the oven at 40 °C and the door open, the injector at 220 °C, and the interface at 270 °C. Two minutes after injection, the door was closed and the temperature was raised ballistically to 60 °C, ramped at 4 °C/min to 280 °C, and held there for 4 min. The split and septum purge valves were closed for injection and opened after 1 min. 

GC/NICI-MS Analysis. Residue fractions were analyzed by methane GC/ NICI-MS before and after silver ion derivatization. A fused-silica SE54 capillary GC column (J W Scientific, 30 m X 0.25 mm) was used for separations. The injector temperature was 270 °C, and the oven was held at 40 °C for 2 min, ramped ballistically to 60 °C, and programmed for 60-270 °C at 4 °C/min. The final hold was at 270 °C. Helium carrier gas was used at a flow rate of 22 cm/s. A Finnigan 4023-INCOS GC-MS-DS equipped with a PPINICI source was used with the following conditions emission current, 30 mA electron multiplier voltage, 1000 V electron energy, 70 V manifold, 80 °C source, 200 °C and 0.45 torr... 

The use of wavepacket spectroscopy to follow the solvent-induced dissociation of iodine in solution has been described in detail by Scherer, Jonas, and co-workers [18, 28, 30]. Recently the role of the solvent in inducing the curve crossing has been examined by simulation [29], Remarkably, the experiments show that the wavepacket survives the solvent-induced curve crossing and appears intact (i.e., the atoms are separating ballistically) up to at least 4 A separation [28], The simulations imply that destruction of the wavepacket by the solvent cage (polarizable Ar atoms in this case) occurs between I-I separation of 5-6 A [29]. 

Thus, in the gravitational-crossflow zone particle separation is a two-dimensional process, where their trajectories are in fact ballistic tracks. Unlike the counterflow zone, the cut size depends not only on the particle s terminal velocity, but mainly on the chamber length and height. These parameters are chosen in such a way that particles with the cut size land at the farthest point A of the bottom (Fig. lb). 

Ever since the introduction of the comparison microscope into the field of advanced firearms indentification in about 1925, people engaged in this work have been processing ballistics evidence, bullets and shells, in exactly the same manner. This can only be done by examining each piece of evidence separately and individually, one piece at a time, and comparing this evidence, again separately and individually, by the utilization of the comparison microscope. Today, we in the field of firearms identification still process evidence in exactly the same manner using the same techniques and basically the same instrument that was applied almost fifty years ago. 

Everyone involved with these various proposals realizes the urgent need for a more modern system than that currently in use. The use of the comparison microscope, and the direct optical comparison in split-field observation of each and every separate piece of evidence is a tremendously time-consuming process. It also requires the physical presence of all evidence and test specimens. The circulation of evidence specimens for comparison with evidence or tests on file in other cities is also a very costly and time-consuming process, not to mention the problems that can arise in maintaining the continuity in the chain of possession of evidence. Presently, each comparison requires a manual search through the ballistics evidence files. This requires time, personnel, and a great deal of space devoted to the storage of evidence files. 

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