Balanced sourcing

Samara C et al (2003) Chemical mass balance source apportionment of PM10 in an industrialized urban area of Northern Greece. Atmos Environ 37 41-54... 

Lee et al [66] and Prince and Blanch [92] adopted the basic ideas of Coulaloglou and Tavlarides [16] formulating the population balance source terms directly on the averaging scales performing analysis of bubble breakage and coalescence in turbulent gas-liquid dispersions. The source term closures were completely integrated parts of the discrete numerical scheme adopted. The number densities of the bubbles were thus defined as the number of bubbles per unit mixture volume and not as a probability density in accordance with the kinetic theory of gases. 

To examine the derivation of the population balance source terms, the bubble diameter is henceforth chosen as the only internal coordinate (i.e., X = d) as it is the most frequent choice. 

Bove [16] proposed a different approach to solve the multi-fluid model equations in the in-house code FLOTRACS. To solve the unsteady multifluid model together with a population balance equation for the dispersed phases size distribution, a time splitting strategy was adopted for the population balance equation. The transport operator (convection) of the equation was solved separately from the source terms in the inner iteration loop. In this way the convection operator which coincides with the continuity equation can be employed constructing the pressure-correction equation. The population balance source terms were solved In a separate step as part of the outer iteration loop. The complete population balance equation solution provides the... 

For the breakage sources, the procedure is similar. After integration of the population balance source terms we can write the particle breakage source terms for group g as ... 

As mentioned earlier, a large portion of NOx is of biological origin. The global strength of this source was calculated to be (21-89) x 1061 yr 1 by balancing source and sink terms (Soderlund and Svensson, 1976). Another NOx source at the Earth s surface is provided by man s activities. This source mainly arises from coal, gasoline... 

Prorated to balance sources this is within the uncertainty range given by Conrad and Seiler (1980a). 

Adgate JL, Willis RD, Buckley TJ, Chow JC, Watson JG, Rhoads GG and Lioy PJ (1998) Chemical mass balance source apportionment of lead in house dust. Environ Sci Technol. 32 108— 114. 

Yogurt. You can enjoy a cup of low-fat or nonfat yogurt without added sugar or sweetened fruit for a very balanced source of protein and carbohydrate. Milk. Because milk itself has a much higher percentage of carbohydrate than other dairy products, 1 wouldn t consider it a serving of protein, but it... 

Laseter TM. Balanced Sourcing Cooperation and Competition in Supplier Relationships. 1998. 

JACOBSON It s possible but I doubt it because we were able to grow healthy lettuce plants with half-strength Hoagland s solution. It is used traditionally as a balanced source of nutrients, so that doesn t necessarily mean that it was, but I doubt it. 

Reaction rate for y-th reaction Inner tube radius Source/sink term for heat balance Source/sink term for mass balance Time... 

Source Balanced Sourcing, Co-operation, and Competition in Supplier Relationships, Laseter, T. M., Copyright 1998. This material is used by permission of John Wiley Sons, Inc. 

Table 9.1 shows that only 42 individual tools and techniques were discovered to be in use in the 122 surveyed companies (see Appendix E), but there were 456 incidences in which tools and techniques were in use. This indicates that the procurement and supply function appears to use tools and techniques relatively less than most other functions and that companies appear to be using many of the same tools. Table 9.1 below shows that 63% of all usage were accounted for by the top ten tools and techniques, and that almost 87% of all tool and technique use is accounted for by just twenty applications. What also stands out is that, despite the considerable debate within the profession - especially amongst academics and consultants - about what constitutes best practice, the tools and techniques that are actually used by managers are fairly traditional. There is only limited evidence of the adoption of the more recently advanced best practice tools associated with lean (0.22% of total recorded uses), power (0.44%) and balanced sourcing (no uses) approaches. 

Fig. 29.3 Principle of a mechanical beam balance. Source Recepteerkunde 2009, KNMP...

FIGURE 10.277 A balanced source configuration where the inherent amplitude error of the system shown in Fig. 10.66 is eliminated. 

By creating an output signal that is out of phase with the original, a balanced source can be created to eliminate this error (see Fig. 16.25). As an added benefit, for a given maximum output voltage from the source, the signal voltage is doubled over the unbalanced case. 

CMRR performance for active balanced input circuits is highly dependent on the source balance. The ideal figure of 120 dB is achieved with a shorted input or perfectly balanced source. Source imbalances of 0.2-20 are not uncommon. Figure 16.30 compares these effects at 60 Hz for transformer vs. active balanced inputs. At high frequencies, capacitance tolerance between the conductors and shield in typical wiring is 5% resulting in similar CMRR deterioration. 

All weighing done with a 4-place balance. Source Author s own files ... 

Diameter based Population Balance Source Terms... 

To examine the derivation of the population balance source term closures, the bubble diameter is henceforth chosen as the only internal coordinate (i.e., jc = d) as it is the most frequent choice. Adopting the generalized source term definitions as defined in this subsection, the diameter based source terms occurs directly by substituting the diameter into the different source term equations noting from (9.79) that the third diameter is computed in terms of the other two d = (d - and the Jacobian... 

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