Baking with Bicarbonate

Carbon dioxide is widely used in the hardening of sand cores and molds in foundries. Sand is mixed with a sodium siHcate binder to form the core or mold after which it is contacted with gaseous carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide reacts with the sodium siHcate to produce sodium carbonate and bicarbonate, plus siHcic acid, resulting in hardening of the core or mold without baking. 

The sodium salt of phosphoric acid, sodium phosphate (NaH2P04), is weakly acidic, and is used with sodium bicarbonate to make baking powders. Other acids used in baking powder are fumaric acid and tartaric acid. 

Fumaric acid is used in combination with sodium bicarbonate to create delayed-action leavening agents (something that produces carbon dioxide gas to make breads rise). Since it only dissolves in warm water, the leavening action is delayed until the bread starts to bake. 

Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) is added for taste and mouth feel. It combines with acids to release carbon dioxide gas, adding to the foam produced by brushing. It is a mild abrasive. It may reduce the numbers of acid-loving bacteria in the mouth, although this effect lasts only as long as the mouth stays alkaline. 

Sodium hydrogen carbonate, NaHC03 (sodium bicarbonate), is commonly called bicarbonate of soda or baking soda. The rising action of baking soda in batter depends on the reaction of a weak acid, HA, with the hydrogen carbonate ions ... 

Sodium carbonate (Na CO ) is the eleventh most used industrial chemical in the United States. It is commonly used as a bleaching agent and is manufactured in a two-step process. First, ammonia is combined with carbon dioxide to form sodium chloride and water, which reacts to form sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride (NH + CO + NaCl + H O —> NaHCOj + NH Cl). Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda, is used as a leavening agent in baking, as an antacid to relieve stomach acid, and as a component for fire extinguishers. The second step is known as the Solvay process, wherein the sodium bicarbonate is heated and converted into sodium carbonate (NaHCO A— Na CO + H O + CO ). 

Cinchophen has a tendency to produce severe liver damage and should be used with caution. Dosage, 300 to 600 mg with 2 to 5g sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and a pint of water. 

Sodium bicarbonate can be made by treating soda ash with carbon dioxide and water. Sodium bicarbonate is called bicarbonate of soda or baking soda. It is also mined from certain ores called nahcolite. 

May cause local irritation upon administration. If excess irritation occurs, a rinse with sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) solution will neutralize the reaction (use 2.5 mL in 120 mL of water). 

The extraction process can be performed in acidic conditions which produces the cocaine as its hydrochloride salt. Alkaline conditions will produce a lipophilic "free base" which can be extracted with a nonpolar solvent like ether. The ether can be volatilized with heat and the free base smoked, snorted, injected, or eaten. The salt form cannot be smoked. Cocaine paste, not common in the U.S. is a kerosene extract which may contain 20-90% cocaine sulfate. Crack is the result of free-basing with baking soda (sodium bicarbonate). The residual fillers and other impurities... 

Examples of bases, (a) Reactions involving sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO, make baked goods rise, (b) Ashes contain potassium carbonate, K2C03. (c) Soap is made by reacting bases with animal or vegetable oils. The soap itself, then, is slightly alkaline, (d) Powerful bases, such as sodium hydroxide, NaOH, are used in drain cleaners. 

Baking soda is a chemical called sodium bicarbonate. Vinegar is water that contains a small amount of a chemical called acetic acid. When vinegar is mixed with baking soda, a chemical reaction occurs. 

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