Bakers’ color

Milk and Milk Replacers. White pan bread was long made with about 3—4% nonfat dry milk (NEDM) in the United States, for reasons of enhanced nutrition, increased dough absorption, improved cmst color, fermentation buffering, and better flavor. Eor some years, however, sharply increased milk prices have led to a decline in its use in breadmaking. Many bakers have turned to the use of milk replacers to control the costs of their products, and these ingredients are now commonly utilized. Milk replacers were designed to dupHcate some of the functions and nutrition of milk. These blends may contain soy flour or cereals, with whey, buttermilk soHds, sodium or calcium caseinate, or NEDM. Milk replacers or NEDM used in bread dough amount to about 1—2%, based on flour. 

Grape color extract is used to color such products as bakers jams, non-standard jellies and preserves, sherbets, ices, pops, raspberry, grape and strawberry yogurts, gelatin desserts, canned fmit, fmit sauces, candy and confections, and bakery fillings and toppiags. Typical use concentrations are 0.05 to 0.8%, based on the weight of the finished product. 

Procedures. Chromatographic Purification of Ozonization Products. Ozonization products from ethyl 10-undecenoate and 1-octene were chromatographed on silica gel columns (Baker) and eluted with 15 or 25% ether in petroleum ether (b.p., 30°-60°). Fractions were examined by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on silica gel G Chroma-gram sheet eluted with 40% ether in petroleum ether. For development of ozonide and peroxide spots, 3% KI in 1% aqueous acetic acid spray was better than iodine. The spots (of iodine) faded, but a permanent record was made by Xerox copying. Color of die spots varied from light brown (ozonide) to purple-brown (hydroperoxide), and the rate of development of this color was related to structure (diperoxide > hydroperoxide > ozonide). 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine spray revealed aldehyde spots and also reacted with ozonides and hydroperoxides. Fractions were evaporated at room temperature or below in a rotary evaporator. 

Baker, G.A., Baker, S.N., and McCleskey, T.M., Noncontact two-color luminescence thermometry based on intramolecular luminophore cyclization within an ionic liquid, Chem. Commun., 2932-2933, 2003. 

William Eamon, New Light on Robert Boyle and the Discovery of Color Indicators, Ambix irj (1980) 204-209 A. Albert Baker, A History of Indicators, Chymia 9 (1964) 147-167. 

Baker ME. Genealogy of regulation of human sex and adrenal function, prostaglandin action, snapdragon and petunia flower colors, antibiotics, and nitrogen fixation functional diversity from two ancestral dehydrogenases. Steroids 56 1991 354-360. 

A quantity of I (0.200 g, 0.412 mmol) is dissolved in 20 mL of acetone in a 100-mL Schlenk flask in the air. After 48 h at room temperature in the air, the deep purple color of the solution fades to a pale brown with precipitation of a crystalline material. The reaction is complete when a TLC (IB2-F flexible sheets, J. T. Baker, CH2C12 as elutant) shows the disappearance of the band due to I (R = 0.3) and the appearance of the band due to II (Rr = 0). The reaction mixture is dried under vacuum. The solid product is washed with 5 mL of diethyl ether and 20 mL of hexane and dried again to give shining black crystals. The total weight of crystals is 0.171 g (0.0541 mmol), corresponding a 96% yield based on total cobalt when optimized. The checkers observed variable and generally lower yields. 

Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 (color index 42655) is available from a number of different suppliers (e.g., ACROS, Aldrich, AMRESCO, Bio-Rad, Fisher Biotech, Fluka, ICN Biomedicals, J.T. Baker, Research Organics, Serva, Sigma, or USB). 

All samples (all colors cotton and camelid) first were washed in warm distilled water for 30 min and blotted on filter paper. When dry, the sample (except for blue- and green-colored samples) was then placed in a 25-mL round-bottom flask with four drops of 10% hydrochloric acid and heated in a warm water bath (90°C) for 20 min. Seven to ten milliliters of spectroscopic grade methanol was added and the flask then was hooked up to a micro Soxhlet apparatus. The flask was heated in a water bath for 30-45 min, the methanol collecting in the Soxhlet chamber and concentrating the solution in the flask. The sample was removed to filter paper and the two solutions to separate flasks. The extraction solution was spotted onto precoated 5 X 10 cm 10% acetylated cellulose plates (J. T. Baker), allowed to dry, and developed in... 

An important reaction is that of acetaldehyde polymerization (Saucier et al. 1997 Romero and Baker 2000). This reaction not only increases the colouring intensity, but also intensifies the blue coloration (od 620 nm) that is responsible for the mauve tones in wine. 

Early comparisons of glycogens of bakers yeast and of animal origin were made on the basis of the red-brown color formed with iodine solution, the specific rotation, and the opalescent appear-ance. Jeanloz, in 1944, purified yeast glycogen by electrodialysis,... 

For cleavages involving iPrOH/dioxane (up to 1 1), the latter should first be tested for the presence of peroxides by mixing it with an equal volume of 4% KI soln. If any brown color is formed after 1 min, remove the peroxides by passing the dioxane through a column of activated alumina (AI2O3). Not all commercially available activated alumina is effective Baker No. 0537 is satisfactory. Do not use acid-washed alumina. The same procedure is used to purify THF.td... 

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