Baker diagram

As the different flow regimes are determined by the forces between the two phases, above all by the inertia and gravitational forces, it is appropriate to mark the dependence of the boundaries between the different flow patterns on these forces in diagrams, so-called flow maps. This type of flow map was first presented by Baker [4.80]. Therefore, we also speak of Baker-diagrams. These diagrams only provide a rough orientation because the decisive forces in the different flow regions are not known with sufficient certainty. In particular, for a two-phase flow with... 

As is evident from the Baker diagram/ liquid and vapor velocities as well as quality determine the type of flow that will predominate. At relatively low vapor flow rates, stratified flow may exist with very little interaction between the two phases. As the vapor velocity is increased, wavy flow, then slug flow, annular flow, and finally mist or dispersed flow become successively... 

Fig. 7.47. Baker diagram for two-phase flow regimes. The parameters A and ij/ are defined as...

With the aid of the Baker diagram, determine the flow regime for the flow system described in Problem 7.26. 

Two-phase flow of liquid oxygen with a quality of 0.2 is transferred by means of a 200-mm nominal Schedule 10 pipe with a total length of 150 m. At a fluid temperature of 110 K, the liquid density is 1035.4 kg/m and the vapor density is 19.4 kg/m. Using the Baker diagram, determine the maximum total flow rate for which the flow regime is still stratified flow. 

The results of a parameter study were used to compose a diagram (Figure 6.33) which can be used to determine initial fragment velocity (Baker et al. 1978a and 1983). 

Figure B-1. Pressure impulse diagrams for damage to brick houses. Line 1 Threshold for light damage. Line 2 Threshold or moderate damage partial collapse of roof some bearing wall failures. Line 3 Threshold for severe damage 50 to 75 percent of bearing wall destruction. P, side-on overpressure. /, side-on impulse (Baker et al. 1983).

Massalski, T.B., Murray, J.L., Bennett, L.H., and Baker, H. (1986) Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, OH, p. 1807. 

Figure 5.1 Schematic diagram of the lactoferrin molecule. The positions of carbohydrate attachment are marked with a star. O, ovotransferrin T, human serotransferrin L, human lactoferrin R, rabbit serotransferrin M, melanotransferrin A, the connecting helix B, the C-terminal helix. The disulfide bridges are indicated by heavy bars, and the iron and carbonate binding sites by filled or open circles, respectively. Reprinted from Baker et al., 1987. Copyright (1987), with permission from Elsevier Science.

Figure 14.15. A horizontal rotating extractor and two kinds of centrifugal extractors, (a) The RTL (formerly Graesser raining bucket) horizontal rotating extractor both phases are dispersed at some portion of the rotation RTL S. A., London). (b) Operating principle of the Podbielniak centrifugal extractor it is made up of several concentric perforated cylinders (Baker-Perkins Co.), (c) The Luwesta centrifugal extractor (schematic diagram) Luwa Corp.).

H. Baker, editor. ASM Handbook Alloy Phase Diagrams, volume 3, page 2 56. ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1992. 

The application of the Extended Selectivity Treatment to the partial rate factors for the wi-fluoro, ra-chloro, and ra-bromo substituents is shown in Figs. 43-45. Too few data are available for ra-iodo. Inspection of these diagrams reveals that substitution meta to the halogens conforms to a linear relationship. No serious deviations are detected. The log mf values for non-catalytic chlorination are displaced from the correlation line, but this discrepancy is almost certainly the consequence of the failure of the additivity principle on which the results are based (Stock and Baker, 1962). 

Variation diagrams of major and trace elements vs. SiC>2 (Fig. 8.13) show a bimodal distribution between basalts and rhyolites, with a gap for intermediate compositions (Daly gap). Such a distribution of rock types is typical of volcanoes from continental rift settings (see Peccerillo et al. 2003 and references therein). A few intermediate samples have been found as xenoliths, and these have been suggested to represent hybrids between mafic and felsic magmas (e.g. Mahood and Baker 1986). 

Binary alloy phase diagrams / Edited by T.B. Massalski, J.L. Murray, L.H. Bennett and H. Baker - Metals Park, Ohio ASM, 1986.- V.l. 

Fig. 4. Ribbon diagram of human diferric lactoferrin, showing the organization of the molecule, with the N-lobe above and C-lobe below. The four domains (Nl, N2, Cl, C2), the interlobe connecting peptide (H), and the C-terminal helix (C) are indicated. The glycosylation sites in various transferrins are shown by triangles and numbered (1, human transferrin 2, rabbit transferrin 3, human lactoferrin 4, bovine lactoferrin 5 chicken ovotransferrin). The interdomain backbone strands in each lobe can be seen behind the iron atoms. Adapted from Baker et al. (82), with permission.

The phase diagram of the Fe-0 binary system at ambient pressure exhibits a large liquid immiscibility gap (Baker, 1992 Figure 5(b)). 

Figure 5 Simplified version of the iron-rich portion of iron-light-element hinary phase diagrams (sources (a) Fe-C, Ihar data. Baker (1992) 9 GPa data, Shterenherg et al. (1975) (h) Fe-O, 1 har data. Baker (1992) (c) Fe-Si, 1 har data. Baker (1992) 16 GPa data, Lin et al. (2002h) (d) Fe-S, 1 har data. Baker (1992) 14 GPa data, modified from Fei et al. (1997) 21 GPa data, Fei et al. (2000) 25 GPa data, Li and Agee (2001)).

---