Bacterial cellulose networks

T. W. Heath, Benjamin Parker Coffindaffer, and S. D. Kyte, Kenneth Eugene Smith, Edward Dewey McConaughy, Personal cleansing compositions comprising bacterial cellulose network and cationic polymer. 

In a way partly analogous to the above method, if a fibrillar network of bacterial cellulose is interpenetrated with various monomers or reactive resins that are subsequently solidified, the resulting composites may be expected to exhibit a significant reinforcement of the substrate polymers in mechanical and/or thermal performance. This has been suggested recently by Yano et al. [74],... 

Nakayama A, Kakugo A, Gong JP, Osada Y, Takai M, Erata T, Kawano S (2004) High mechanical strength double-network hydrogel with bacterial cellulose. Adv Fund Mater 14 1124-1128... 

Nanocellulose, such as that produced by the bacteria Gluconacetobacter xylinus (bacterial cellulose, BC), is an emerging biomaterial with great potential in several applications. The performance of bacterial cellulose stems from its high purity, ultra-fine network structure and high mechanical properties in the dry state [114]. These features allow its applications in scaffold for tissue regeneration, medical applications and nanocomposites. A few researchers have used bacterial cellulose mats to reinforce polymeric matrices and scaffolds with wound healing properties [115-121]. BC is pure cellulose made by bacterial fabrication via biochemical... 

Fig. 2.1 SEM micrograph of a freeze dried bacterial cellulose showing the coherent nanofiber network synthesized by the Gluconacetobacter bacteria [13]...

Zhang and Qi synthesized hybrid bacterial cellulose/titania. They obtained mesoporous Titania networks consisting of nanowires, using as a template bacterial cellulose membrane. The network obtained shows Titania photocatalytic activity [46]. Composites of cellulose acetate/silica were obtained by sol-gel method [47]. Tanaka and Kozuka precipitated silica by acid catalysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). The composites of cellulose acetate/silica showed... 

Zhang, D., Qi, L. Synthesis of mesoporous titania networks consisting of anatase nanowires by templating of bacterial cellulose membranes. Chem. Common. 21, 2735-2737 (2005)... 

CNY is manufactured by means of electrospinning technology (Doshi and Reneker, 1995). The natural nanofibrils of bacterial cellulose are produced by several species of bacteria, for example, G. xylinus. The biosynthesized long and thin elementary nanofibrils of bacterial cellulose are aggregated to microfibrils forming a network filled with water. 

Gluconacetobacter xylinus) produces a three-dimensional network of bundles of cellulose fibrils. Pure sheets of bacterial cellulose (BC) can be used in composites without any further disintegration [25]. 

Cellulose from a different source, bacterial cellulose, also known as microbial cellulose, has been the focus of recent research studies [30]. Microbial cellulose possesses some superior characteristics compared to plant cellulose, including high purity, waterholding capacity (aroxmd 1000%), crystallinity (around 90%), nanofibrilar network, impressive mechanical strength, and in-situ moldability [26,27]. The studies were related to use of microbial cellulose as a nanomaterial in controlled-release systems [30] and transdermal formulations [31]. 

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is biodegradable polyester produced by specific genera of bacteria Acetobacter, Rhizobium, Agrobacterium) and certain algae [33,34]. The chemical structure of BC is similar to that of plant cellulose, but BC possesses considerably superior physical, mechanical, and biological properties when compared to plant cellulose [35]. BC is chemically pure and does not contain any impurities such as lignin and hemicelluloses that are associated with plant cellulose. It exhibits a fibrous network... 

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